Small-lift launch vehicle


A small-lift launch vehicle is a rocket orbital launch vehicle that is capable of lifting or less or under of payload into low Earth orbit. The next larger category is medium-lift launch vehicles.
The first small-lift launch vehicle was the Sputnik rocket, launched by the Soviet Union, which was derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik rocket was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing the Sputnik 1 satellite into a low Earth orbit.
The US responded by attempting to launch the Vanguard rocket. However, the Vanguard TV3 launch attempt failed, with the 31 January 1958 launch of the Explorer 1 satellite using the Juno I rocket being the first successful US orbital launch. The Vanguard I mission was the second successful US orbital launch. This was the start of the space race.
Since the late 1950s, small-lift launch vehicles have continued launching payloads into orbits including LEO, Sun-synchronous orbit, and geostationary transfer orbit. Medium-lift launch vehicles, heavy-lift launch vehicles, and super heavy-lift launch vehicles have also been extensively developed but have not completely superseded small launch vehicles. Small launch vehicles can meet the requirements of some spacecraft, and can be less expensive than a larger launch vehicle would be.

Rated launch vehicles

Operational

VehicleOriginManufacturerMass to
LEO
Mass to
other orbits
LaunchesFirst flight
QasedIRGCASF32020
Qaem 100IRGC8032023
SK solid fueled TV2MND12023
Shavit 2IAE160121988
UnhaNorth Koreaefn|OS-M1 Variant of OS-M was launchedCHNJPNNZUSACHNCHNPRKnts|300|prefix=≥IRICHNCHNefn|Includes 2 Kuaizhou-1 launches and 26 Kuaizhou-1A launches.INDRUSUSACHNCHNUSAJPNUSARUSUSANts|1050CHNROKnts|1USACHNCHNCHNCAN

Under development

VehicleOriginManufacturerMass to
LEO
Mass to
other orbits
First flight
Blue Whale 1Perigee Aerospace6350 to SSO2025
HANBIT-NANOInnospace902025
AgnibaanAgnikul Cosmos1002022
ZEROInterstellar Technologies100 to SSO2023
ChetakBellatrix Aerospace1502023
VLMBrazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology1502027
Haribon SLS-1OrbitX2002023
DNLVIndependence-X Aerospace2002023
VolansEquatorial Space Systems220150 to SSO2023
ZuljanahIranian Space Agency2202021
Vikram 1Skyroot Aerospace315255 to SSO2023
Skyrora XLSkyrora3152023
Hapith VTiSPACE390350 to SSO
Ravn X SL3Aevum Space & Defense500470 to SSO2026
Vikram IISkyroot Aerospace520410 to SSOTBD
Rocket 4Astra Space, Inc.6002023
Vikram IIISkyroot Aerospace720580 to SSOTBD
Tronador IICONAE7502029
Miura 5PLD Space9002024
SpectrumIsar Aerospace1000700 to SSO2023
Hyperbola-2i-Space1900

Retired

VehicleOriginManufacturerMass to
LEO
Mass to
other orbits
LaunchesFirst flightLast flight
SS-520IHI4220172018
VanguardMartin91119571959
Juno IChrysler11619581959
Veloce 17Eldorado Space120
Lambda 4SNissan26519661977
SLVISRO40419791983
Juno IIChrysler411019581961
Boeing Small Launch VehicleBoeing450
Rocket 3Astra45720202022
SafirIranian Space Agency50820082019
Vector-RVector600
DiamantSEREB1071219651975
Vector-HVector1100
CapricornioINTA1400
ASLVISRO150419871994
ScoutUS Air Force/NASA17412519611994
Mu-4SNissan180419711972
Mu-3CNissan195419741979
Shtil'Makeyev280 – 420219982006
Mu-3HNissan300319771978
Mu-3SNissan300419801984
Long March 1CALT300219701971
Zhuque-1LandSpace300200 to SSO120182018
Delta 1913McDonnell Douglas328119731973
Delta 2310McDonnell Douglas336319741981
Delta 1410McDonnell Douglas340119751975
VLS-1AEB, INPE380219971999
Delta 1604McDonnell Douglas390219721973
Falcon 1SpaceX420520062009
PegasusOrbital4434519902021
ConestogaSpace Services Inc.500319821995
Sputnik 8K71PSRSC Energia500219571957
Launcher OneVirgin Orbit500300 to SSO62020
PaektusanNorth KoreaCHNntsh|0.003JPNUSAUSAJPNntsh|0.001USAJPNUSAUSAUSAUSSRUSAJPNUSAUSSRRUSJPNUSAUSAUSAUSSRRUSCountry|ItalyCountry|EuropeEfn|The lead manufacturer is from Italy, but the rocket has significant contributions from companies based in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and Ukraine.