Explorers Program

The Explorers Program is a NASA exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations from space. Launched in 1958, Explorer 1 was the first spacecraft of the United States to achieve orbit. Over 90 space missions have been launched since. Starting with Explorer 6, it has been operated by NASA, with regular collaboration with a variety of other institutions, including many international partners.
Launchers for the Explorers Program have included Juno I, Juno II, various Thor, Scout, Delta and Pegasus launch vehicles, and Falcon 9.
The program has three classes: Medium-Class Explorers, Small Explorers, and University-Class Explorers, with select Missions of Opportunity operated with other agencies.

History

Early Explorer satellites

The Explorers Program began as a U.S. Army proposal to place a "civilian" artificial satellite into orbit during the International Geophysical Year. Although that proposal was rejected in favor of the U.S. Navy's Project Vanguard, which made the first sub-orbital flight Vanguard TV0 in December 1956, the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957 and the failure of the Vanguard 1 launch attempt resulted in the Army program being funded to match the Soviet space achievements. Explorer 1 was launched on the Juno I on 1 February 1958, becoming the first U.S. satellite, as well as discovering the Van Allen radiation belt.
Four follow-up satellites of the Explorer series were launched by the Juno I launch vehicle in 1958, of which Explorer 3 and Explorer 4 were successful, while Explorer 2 and Explorer 5 failed to reach orbit. The Juno I vehicle was replaced by the Juno II in 1959.

Continuation of the Explorers Program

With the establishment of NASA in 1958, the Explorers Program was transferred to NASA from the U.S. Army. NASA continued to use the name for an ongoing series of relatively small space missions, typically an artificial satellite with a specific science focus. Explorer 6 in 1959 was the first scientific satellite under the project direction of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
The Interplanetary Monitoring Platform was launched in 1963 and involved a network of eleven Explorer satellites designed to collect data on space radiation in support of the Apollo program. The IMP program was a major step forward in spacecraft electronics design, as it was the first space program to use integrated circuit chips and MOSFETs. The IMP-A in 1963 was the first spacecraft to use IC chips, and the IMP-D in 1966 was the first to use MOSFETs.
Over the following two decades, NASA has launched over 50 Explorer missions, some in conjunction to military programs, usually of an exploratory or survey nature or had specific objectives not requiring the capabilities of a major space observatory. Explorer satellites have made many important discoveries on: Earth's magnetosphere and the shape of its gravity field; the solar wind; properties of micrometeoroids raining down on the Earth; ultraviolet, cosmic and X-rays from the Solar System and beyond; ionospheric physics; Solar plasma; solar energetic particles; and atmospheric physics. These missions have also investigated air density, radio astronomy, geodesy, and gamma-ray astronomy.
With decreases in NASA's budget, Explorer missions became infrequent in the early 1980s.

SMEX, MIDEX, and Student Explorers Programs

In 1988, the Small Explorer class was established with a focus on frequent flight opportunities for highly focused and relatively inexpensive space science missions in the disciplines of astrophysics and space physics. The first three SMEX missions were chosen in April 1989 out of 51 candidates, and launched in 1992, 1996 and 1998 The second set of two missions were announced in September 1994 and launched in 1998 and 1999.
In the mid-1990s, NASA initiated the Medium-class Explorers to enable more frequent flights. These are larger than SMEX missions and were to be launched aboard a new kind of medium-light class launch vehicle. This new launch vehicle was not developed and instead, these missions were flown on a modified Delta II rocket. The first announcement opportunity for MIDEX was issued in March 1995, and the first launch under this new class was FUSE in 1999.
In May 1994, NASA started the Student Explorer Demonstration Initiative pilot program, to demonstrate that high-quality space science can be carried out with small, low-cost missions. Of the three selected missions, SNOE was launched in 1998 and TERRIERS in 1999, but the latter failed after launch. The STEDI program was terminated in 2001. Later, NASA established the University-Class Explorer program for much cheaper missions, which is regarded as a successor to STEDI.
The Explorer missions were at first managed by the Small Explorers Project Office at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. In early 1999, that office was closed and with the announcement of opportunity for the third set of SMEX missions NASA converted the SMEX class so that each mission was managed by its principal investigator, with oversight by the GSFC Explorer Project. The Explorers Program Office at Goddard Space Flight Center, provides management of the many operational scientific exploration missions that are characterized by relatively moderate costs and small to medium-sized missions that are capable of being built, tested, and launched in a short time interval compared to larger observatories like NASA's Great Observatories.
Excluding the launches, the MIDEX class has a current mission cap cost of US$250 million in 2018, with future MIDEX missions being capped at US$350 million. The cost cap for SMEX missions in 2017 was US$165 million. UNEX missions are capped at US$15 million. A sub-project called Missions of Opportunity has funded science instruments or hardware components of onboard non-NASA space missions, and have a total NASA cost cap of US$70 million.

Classes

Small Explorers (SMEX)

The Small Explorers class was implemented in 1989 specifically to fund space exploration missions that cost no more than. The missions are managed by the Explorers Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center.
The first set of three SMEX missions were launched between 1992 and 1998. The second set of two missions were launched in 1998 and 1999. These early missions were managed by the Small Explorers Project Office at Goddard Space Flight Center. In early 1999, that office was closed and with the announcement of opportunity for the third set of SMEX missions NASA converted the program so that each mission was managed by its Principal Investigator, with oversight by the GSFC Explorers Project.
NASA funded a competitive study of five candidate heliophysics Small Explorers missions for flight in 2022. The proposals were Mechanisms of Energetic Mass Ejection – eXplorer, Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager, Multi-Slit Solar Explorer, Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites, and Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere. In June 2019 NASA selected TRACERS and PUNCH for flight.

Name	SMEX number	Explorer number	Launch	End of mission	Status
SAMPEX	SMEX-1	Explorer-68	3 July 1992	30 June 2004	Reentered on 13 November 2012
FAST	SMEX-2	Explorer-70	21 August 1996	4 May 2009
SWAS	SMEX-3	Explorer-74	6 December 1998	21 July 2004
TRACE	SMEX-4	Explorer-73	2 April 1998	21 June 2010	Reentered on 18 July 2025
WIRE	SMEX-5	Explorer-75	5 March 1999		Spacecraft equipment failure; reentered on 10 May 2011
RHESSI	SMEX-6	Explorer-81	5 February 2002	April 2018	Deorbited on 20 April 2023
GALEX	SMEX-7	Explorer-83	28 April 2003	May 2012	Decommissioned on 28 June 2013
SPIDR	SMEX-8	—	Scheduled for 2005		Cancelled in 2003 due to poor instrument sensitivity
Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere	SMEX-9	Explorer-90	25 April 2007	19 August 2024	Reentered on 19 August 2024
IBEX	SMEX-10	Explorer-91	19 October 2008
NuSTAR	SMEX-11	Explorer-93	13 June 2012
IRIS			28 June 2013
GEMS	SMEX-13	—	Scheduled for 2014		Cancelled in 2012 due to expected cost overruns
Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer	SMEX-14		9 December 2021
PUNCH	SMEX-15		12 March 2025
TRACERS	SMEX-16		23 July 2025
COSI	SMEX-17		August 2027

Missions of Opportunity (MO)

Missions of Opportunity are investigations characterized by being part of a non-NASA space mission of any size and having a total NASA cost of under $55 million. These missions are conducted on a no-exchange-of-funds basis with the organization sponsoring the mission. NASA solicits proposals for Missions of Opportunity on SMEX, MIDEX and UNEX investigations.

Name	Launcher	Launch	Status
HETE-2	NASA	9 October 2000	Ended in 2008
INTEGRAL	ESA	17 October 2002
Suzaku	JAXA	10 July 2005	Ended in 2015
TWINS	NRO	TWINS-1: 28 June 2006 TWINS-2: 13 March 2008
CINDI	DoD	16 April 2008	Ended in 2015
Hitomi	JAXA	17 February 2016
NICER	ISS	3 June 2017
GOLD	SES	25 January 2018
XRISM	JAXA	6 September 2023
AWE	ISS	December 2023
GUSTO	NASA	31 December 2023	Ended on 26 February 2024
SunRISE	NASA	2024
EZIE	NASA, JHUAPL	2024
Solar-C EUVST	JAXA	July 2028
CASE	ESA	2029

Beacon Explorers

Three satellites were planned in this series: Beacon Explorer-A, Beacon Explorer-B, Beacon Explorer-C.

GEOS series

A series of three Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite were put in orbit: GEOS 1, GEOS 2, GEOS 3.

Launched spacecraft

Explorers Program name numbers can be found in the NSSDC master catalog, typically assigned to each spacecraft in a mission. These numbers were not officially assigned until after 1975.

No.	Name	Launch date	Rocket	Mass	Orbit regime	End of data	Re-entry	Mission/Notes
1	Explorer 1	1 February 1958	Juno I	14	MEO	23 May 1958	31 March 1970	First American satellite, third satellite to achieve orbit; discovered the Van Allen radiation belt; launched by the U.S. Army
2	Explorer 2	5 March 1958	Juno I	15	Failed	—	—	Failed to achieve orbit.
3	Explorer 3	26 March 1958	Juno I	14	MEO	27 June 1958	27 June 1958	Energetic particle studies helped confirm the presence of Van Allen radiation belt
4	Explorer 4	26 July 1958	Juno I	26	MEO	5 October 1958	23 October 1959	Monitor charged particles inside Van Allen belts from nuclear detonations
5	Explorer 5	24 August 1958	Juno I	17	failed	—	—	Planned in conjunction with Explorer 4, but launch failed
—	Explorer S-1	16 July 1959	Juno II	42	failed	—	—	Planned to measure Earth's radiation balance, but destroyed within seconds by range safety
6	Explorer 6	7 August 1959	Thor-Able	64	HEO	6 October 1959	12 July 1961	Magnetosphere research and digital telemetry; first NASA launch, first Earth photo from orbit
7	Explorer 7	13 October 1959	Juno II	42	LEO	24 August 1961	In orbit	Micrometeoroids and energetic particle studies, first satellite to measure Earth's climate
–	S-46A	23 March 1960	Juno II	16	failed	—	—	Analyze electron and proton radiation energies, failed to achieve orbit
8	Explorer 8	3 November 1960	Juno II	41	LEO	27 December 1960	27 March 2012	Measured atmospheric composition of the ionosphere
–	S-56	4 December 1960	Scout X-1	6	failed	—	—	Atmosphere density measurement, but failed to achieve orbit
9	Explorer 9	16 February 1961	Scout X-1	36	LEO	9 April 1964	9 April 1964	Atmospheric density measurements, first spacecraft placed in orbit by a solid-fuel rocket
–	S-45	24 February 1961	Juno II	34	failed	—	—	Ionosphere research, but failed to achieve orbit
10	Explorer 10	25 March 1961	Thor-Delta	79	HEO	25 March 1961	1 June 1968	Investigated the magnetic field between the Earth and Moon
11	Explorer 11	27 April 1961	Juno II	37	LEO	17 November 1961	In orbit	Gamma ray astronomy
–	S-45A	25 May 1961	Juno II	34	failed	—	—	Ionosphere research, failed to achieve orbit. Last Juno II launch.
–	S-55 (satellite)	30 June 1961	Scout X-1	85	failed	—	—	Micrometeoroid research, failed to achieve orbit
12	EPE-A	16 August 1961	Thor-Delta	38	HEO	6 December 1961	1 September 1963	Energetic particle research
13	Explorer 13	25 August 1961	Scout X-1	86	LEO	28 August 1961	28 August 1961	Micrometeoroid research; partial failure
14	EPE-B	2 October 1962	Delta A	40	HEO	11 August 1963	1 July 1966	Energetic particle research
15	EPE-C	27 October 1962	Delta A	44	HEO	30 January 1963	15 January 1978	Energetic particle research
16	S-55B	16 December 1962	Scout X-3	101	LEO	22 July 1963	In orbit	Micrometeoroid research
17	AE-A (S-6, Atmosphere Explorer-A)	3 April 1963	Delta B	184	LEO	10 July 1963	24 November 1966	Atmospheric research
18	IMP-A	27 November 1963	Delta C	138	HEO	10 May 1965	30 December 1965	Magnetospheric research
19	AD-A (Atmospheric Density-A)	19 December 1963	Scout X-4	8	LEO	10 May 1981	10 May 1981	Atmospheric density measurements
–	BE-A	19 March 1964	Delta B	114	failed	—	—	Launch failure
20	IE-A	25 August 1964	Scout X-4	45	LEO	29 December 1965	In orbit	Ionosphere research
21	IMP-B	4 October 1964	Delta C	135	HEO	13 October 1965	30 January 1966	Magnetospheric research
22	BE-B	10 October 1964	Scout X-4	53	LEO	February 1970	In orbit	Ionospheric and geodetic research
23	S 55C	6 November 1964	Scout X-4	134	LEO	7 November 1965	29 June 1983	Micrometeoric research
24	AD-B	21 November 1964	Scout X-4	9	MEO	18 October 1968	18 October 1968	Atmospheric density measurements
25	Injun 4	21 November 1964	Scout X-4	40	LEO	December 1966	In orbit	Ionospheric research
26	EPE-D (Energetic Particle Explorer-D)	21 December 1964	Delta C	46	MEO	27 December 1967	23 August 2021	High energy particle observations
27	BE-C (Beacon Explorer-C, S-66C)	29 April 1965	Scout X-4	61	LEO	20 July 1973	In orbit	Magnetospheric research
28	IMP-C	29 May 1965	Delta C	128	HEO	12 May 1967	4 July 1968	Magnetospheric research
29	GEOS 1	6 November 1965	Delta E	387	LEO	23 June 1978	In orbit	Geodetic Earth monitoring
30	SOLRAD 8	19 November 1965	Scout X-4	57	LEO	5 November 1967	In orbit	Solar radiation monitoring
31	DME-A	29 November 1965	Thor-Agena B	99	LEO	1 October 1969	In orbit	Ionospheric research
32	AE-B (Atmosphere Explorer-B)	25 May 1966	Delta C1	225	LEO	March 1967	22 February 1985	Atmospheric research
33	IMP-D (AIMP 1, Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-D)	1 July 1966	Delta E1	212	HEO	21 September 1971	In orbit	Magnetospheric research
34	IMP-F	24 May 1967	Delta E1	163	MEO	3 May 1969	3 May 1969	Magnetospheric research
35	IMP-E (AIMP 2, Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-E)	19 July 1967	Delta E1	230	Lunar	24 June 1973	Lunar orbit	Magnetospheric research
36	GEOS 2	11 January 1968	Delta E1	469	LEO	1 July 1982	In orbit	Geodetic Earth monitoring
37	SOLRAD 9	5 March 1968	Scout B	198	LEO	30 April 1974	16 November 1990	Solar radiation monitoring
38	RAE-A (RAE 1, Radio Astronomy Explorer-A)	4 July 1968	Delta J	602	MEO		In orbit	Radio astronomy
39	AD-C	8 August 1968	Scout B	9	LEO	23 June 1971	22 June 1981	Atmospheric density measurements
40	Injun 5	8 August 1968	Scout B	71	LEO	June 1971	In orbit	Magnetospheric Research
41	IMP-G	21 June 1969	Delta E1	145	HEO	23 December 1972	23 December 1972	Magnetospheric research
42	Uhuru	12 December 1970	Scout B	142	LEO	4 January 1975	5 April 1979	X-ray astronomy
43	IMP-H	13 March 1971	Delta M6	635	MEO	2 October 1974	2 October 1974	Magnetospheric research
44	SOLRAD 10	8 July 1971	Scout B	260	LEO	30 June 1973	15 December 1979	Solar radiation monitoring
45	SSS-A	15 November 1971	Scout B	52	MEO	30 September 1974	10 January 1992	Magnetospheric research
46	MTS	13 August 1972	Scout D-1	90	LEO	4 November 1974	2 November 1979	Micrometeoroids research
47	IMP-I	23 September 1972	Delta 1604	635	HEO	31 October 1978	In orbit	Magnetospheric research
48	SAS-B (Small Astronomy Satellite-B, SAS 2)	15 November 1972	Scout D-1	166	LEO	8 June 1973	20 August 1980	X-ray astronomy
49	RAE-B (RAE 2, Radio Astronomy Explorer-B)	10 June 1973	Delta 1913	328	Lunar	26 April 1977	Presumed crashed into Moon sometime after August 1977	Radio astronomy
50	IMP-J	26 October 1973	Delta 1604	371	HEO	7 October 2006	In orbit	Magnetospheric research
51	AE-C	16 December 1973	Delta 1900	658	LEO		12 December 1978	Atmospheric research
52	Hawkeye 1	3 June 1974	Scout E-1	23	HEO	28 April 1978	28 April 1978	Magnetospheric research
53	SAS-C (Small Astronomy Satellite-C, SAS 3)	7 May 1975	Scout F-1	197	LEO	7 April 1979	9 April 1979	X-ray astronomy
54	AE-D	6 October 1975	Delta 2910	681	LEO	29 January 1976	12 March 1976	Atmospheric research
55	AE-E	20 November 1975	Delta 2910	735	LEO	25 September 1980	10 June 1981	Atmospheric research
—	DADE-A	5 December 1975	Scout F-1	40	failed	—	—	Atmospheric research; failed during launch
—	DADE-B	5 December 1975	Scout F-1	43	failed	—	—	Atmospheric research; failed during launch
56	ISEE-1	22 October 1977	Delta 2914	340	HEO	26 September 1987	26 September 1987	Magnetospheric research; launched with ESA's ISEE-2; co-mission with ISEE 3
57	IUE	26 January 1978	Delta 2914	669	MEO	30 September 1996	In orbit	Ultraviolet astronomy
58	HCMM	26 April 1978	Scout F	117	LEO	30 September 1980	December 22, 1981	Thermal mapping of the Earth
59	ICE	12 August 1978	Delta 2914	390	Sun–Earth L₁	16 September 2014	Heliocentric orbit	Magnetospheric research; heliocentric mission, re-purposed in 1982 as a cometary probe. First spacecraft to be placed at a libration point, and first one to perform a flyby of a comet.
60	SAGE	18 February 1979	Scout D-1	149	LEO	7 January 1982	11 April 1989	Stratospheric aerosol and ozone data
61	MAGSAT	30 October 1979	Scout G-1	158	LEO	6 May 1980	11 June 1980	Mapped the near surface magnetic field of the Earth
62	Dynamics Explorer 1	3 August 1981	Delta 3913	424	MEO	28 February 1991	In orbit	Magnetospheric research
63	Dynamics Explorer 2	3 August 1981	Delta 3913	420	LEO	19 February 1983	19 February 1983	Magnetospheric research
64	SME	6 October 1981	Delta 2310	145	LEO	4 April 1989	5 March 1991	Atmospheric research
65	AMPTE-CCE	16 August 1984	Delta 3924	242	MEO	12 July 1989	In orbit	Magnetosphere research
66	COBE	18 November 1989	Delta 5920	2,206	LEO	23 December 1993	In orbit	Microwave astronomy
67	EUVE	7 June 1992	Delta II 6920-X	3,275	LEO	31 January 2001	30 January 2002	Ultraviolet astronomy
68	SAMPEX	3 July 1992	Scout G-1	158	LEO	30 June 2004	13 November 2012.	SMEX: magnetospheric research
69	RXTE	30 December 1995	Delta II 7920	3,200	LEO	3 January 2012	30 April 2018	MIDEX: X-ray astronomy
70	FAST	21 August 1996	Pegasus XL	187	LEO	4 May 2009	In orbit	SMEX: auroral phenomena
—	HETE 1	4 November 1996	Pegasus XL	128	LEO	—	7 April 2002	Separation failure, mission relaunched as HETE 2
71	ACE	25 August 1997	Delta II 7920	596	Sun–Earth L₁	Operational	In L₁ orbit	MIDEX: solar/interplanetary/interstellar particle research
72	SNOE	26 February 1998	Pegasus XL	120	LEO	13 December 2003	13 December 2003	STEDI, UNEX: atmospheric research
73	TRACE	2 April 1998	Pegasus XL	250	LEO	21 June 2010	In orbit	SMEX: solar observatory
74	SWAS	6 December 1998	Pegasus XL	288	LEO	1 September 2005	In orbit	SMEX: submillimeter astronomy
75	WIRE	5 March 1999	Pegasus XL	250	SSO	30 September 2000	10 May 2011	SMEX, Infrared astronomy, primary mission failed due to loss of coolant
76	TERRIERS	18 May 1999	Pegasus XL	120	Polar LEO	18 May 1999	In orbit	STEDI: atmospheric research, satellite failed shortly after achieving orbit
77	FUSE	23 June 1999	Delta II 7320	1,400	LEO	18 October 2007	In orbit	MIDEX: ultraviolet astronomy
78	IMAGE	25 March 2000	Delta II 7326	536	Polar MEO	18 December 2005	In orbit	MIDEX: magnetospheric research
79	HETE-2	9 October 2000	Pegasus-H	124	LEO	28 March 2007	In orbit	MO: UV, X-ray, and gamma ray astronomy
80	WMAP	30 June 2001	Delta II 7425-10	840	Sun–Earth L₂	October 2010	Heliocentric orbit	MIDEX: microwave astronomy
81	RHESSI	5 February 2002	Pegasus XL	230	LEO	16 August 2018	Deorbited	SMEX: X-ray and gamma ray solar flare imaging
—	INTEGRAL	17 October 2002	Proton-K Blok DM-2	4,000	HEO	28 February 2025	In orbit	International: space telescope for observing gamma rays
82	CHIPSat	13 January 2003	Delta II 7320-10	60	LEO	11 April 2008	In orbit	UNEX: ultraviolet spectroscopy and astronomy
83	GALEX	28 April 2003	Pegasus XL	280	LEO	28 June 2013	In orbit	SMEX: ultraviolet astronomy
84	Swift	20 November 2004	Delta II 7320-10C	1,470	LEO	Operational	In orbit	MIDEX: gamma ray astronomy
—	Suzaku	10 July 2005	M-V	1,706	LEO	2 September 2015	In orbit	MO: instrument on JAXA's Suzaku mission
—	TWINS A	28 June 2006	Delta IV M+	classified	Molniya	Operational	In orbit	MO: payload on Trumpet-F/O-1 1
85	THEMIS A	17 February 2007	Delta II 7925	77	HEO	Operational	In orbit	MIDEX: magnetospheric research
86	THEMIS B	17 February 2007	Delta II 7925	77	Lunar	Operational	Lunar orbit	MIDEX; Magnetospheric research
87	THEMIS C	17 February 2007	Delta II 7925	77	Lunar	Operational	Lunar orbit	MIDEX: magnetospheric research
88	THEMIS D	17 February 2007	Delta II 7925	77	HEO	Operational	In orbit	MIDEX: magnetospheric research
89	THEMIS E	17 February 2007	Delta II 7925	77	HEO	Operational	In orbit	MIDEX: magnetospheric research
90	AIM	25 April 2007	Pegasus XL	197	SSO	March 2023	19 August 2024	SMEX: noctilucent cloud observation
—	TWINS B	13 March 2008	Atlas V 411	classified	Molniya	Operational	In orbit	MO: payload on Trumpet-F/O-1 2
—	CINDI	16 April 2008	Pegasus XL	395	LEO	28 November 2015	28 November 2015	MO: instruments on C/NOFS
91	IBEX	19 October 2008	Pegasus XL	107	MEO	Operational	In orbit	SMEX: mapping the boundary between the Solar System and interstellar space.
92	WISE	14 December 2009	Delta II 7320	661	LEO	August 2024	2 November 2024	MIDEX: infrared astronomy, NEOWISE extension. Discovered first Earth trojan.
93	NuSTAR	13 June 2012	Pegasus XL	350	LEO	Operational	In orbit	SMEX: high-energy X-ray astronomy
94	IRIS	27 June 2013	Pegasus XL	183	SSO	Operational	In orbit	SMEX: solar UV astronomy
—	Hitomi	7 February 2016	H-2A-202	2,700	LEO	26 March 2016	In orbit	MO: X-ray instrument on JAXA's Hitomi, but spacecraft failed after initial checkouts
—	NICER	3 May 2017	Falcon 9 FT	372	ISS	Operational	ISS	MO: instrument on ISS for neutron star observations
—	GOLD	25 January 2018	Ariane 5 ECA	37	GEO	Operational	In orbit	MO: instrument on SES-14 comsat for studying Earth–space boundary
95	TESS	18 April 2018	Falcon 9 FT	362	HEO	Operational	In orbit	MIDEX: survey for transiting exoplanets
96	ICON	11 October 2019	Pegasus XL	287	LEO	Operational	In orbit	MIDEX: ionospheric studies
97	IXPE	9 December 2021	Falcon 9 Block 5	330	LEO	Operational	In orbit	SMEX: X-ray studies
—	XRISM	6 September 2023	H-IIA 202	2,300	LEO	Operational	In orbit	MO: instruments on JAXA's XRISM x-ray space telescope
98	PUNCH-NFI	12 March 2025	Falcon 9 Block 5	40	LEO	Operational	In orbit	SMEX: Heliosphere studies
99	PUNCH-WFI 1	12 March 2025	Falcon 9 Block 5	40	LEO	Operational	In orbit	SMEX: Heliosphere studies
100	PUNCH-WFI 3	12 March 2025	Falcon 9 Block 5	40	LEO	Operational	In orbit	SMEX: Heliosphere studies
101	PUNCH-WFI 2	12 March 2025	Falcon 9 Block 5	40	LEO	Operational	In orbit	SMEX: Heliosphere studies
102	SPHEREx	12 March 2025	Falcon 9 Block 5	178	LEO	Operational	In orbit	MIDEX: Infrared studies

Cancelled missions

Many missions are proposed, but not selected. For example, in 2011, the Explorers Program received 22 full missions solicitations, 20 Missions of Opportunity, and 8 USPI. Sometimes mission are only partially developed but must be stopped for financial, technological, or bureaucratic reasons. Some missions failed upon reaching orbit including WIRE and TERRIERS.
Examples of missions that were not developed or cancelled were:

Owl 1 and 2
MSS A
CATSAT
IMEX
FAME
SPIDR
GEMS

Recent examples of conclusions of launched missions, cancelled due to budgetary constraints:

FAST - 2009
TRACE - 2010
Wilkinson MAP - 2010
WISE - 2011
RXTE - 2012
Galaxy Evolution Explorer - 2013

Launch statistics

Number of launches per decade: