Sirayaic languages
Sirayaic languages is one of the sub-branches of the Formosan branch, under the Austronesian languages family. Both Blust and Li considers Proto-Siraya belongs to Formosan languages">Formosan languages">Formosan languages, along with Kavalanic and Amis languages.
The Proto-Siraya language is the reconstructed ancestor of the Siraiyac branch. Proto-Siraya includes at least three languages: Siraya, Taivoan, and Makatao. Li claimed Proto-Siraya might have split from the other East Formosan languages around 3,500 years ago, and began to develop nowadays Siraya, Taivoan, and Makatao 3,000 years ago.
Classification
Raleigh Farrell believes there were at least five indigenous peoples in the south-western plain of Taiwan at that time:Sirayaic- * Siraya
- * Tevorang-Taivuan
- * Takaraian
- * Pangsoia-Dolatok
- * Longkiau
| Tree based on the number of phonological innovations | Tree based on the relative chronology of sound changes |
| Sirayaic | Sirayaic |
Reconstruction
Adelaar published his reconstruction of Proto-Siraya phonology in 2014:Sound changes
Based on the comparison of the available corpora, Adelaar proposed a summary of sound correspondences between Proto-Austronesian and Proto-Siraya, comapared with Siraya or Taivoan in the 17th century, accompanied with the other three East Formosan languages, Basay, Kavalan, and Amis, proposed by Li :| Proto-Austronesian | Proto-Siraya | Siraya | Siraya or Taivoan | Basay | Kavalan | Amis |
| *p | *p | p | p | p | p | p |
| *t, *C | *t | t | t | t | t | t |
| *c | -- | |||||
| *k | *k | k | k | k, h /_a | k, q | k |
| *q | Ø | Ø | Ø | Q | ||
| *b | *b | b/v | b/v | b | b | f |
| *d | *ð | s/d, -s-, -s | d/r, -r-, -r/d | |||
| *-D | -- | r, l | z | d | ||
| *z | *d | d | d | r, l | z | d |
| *j | *n | n | n | n | n | n |
| *g | -- | |||||
| *m | *m | m | m | m | m | m |
| *n | *n | n | n | n | n | n |
| *ñ | ?*n | n | n | n | n | d |
| *ŋ | *ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ |
| *h | Ø | Ø | Ø | h, ? | ||
| *S | *s | Ø, -s- | Ø, -h- | s | s | s |
| *s | *s | s/h-, -s/h/x-, -x | s/h-, -s/h/x-, -Ø | c | s | c |
| *R | *x | x | h/Ø-, -h/Ø-, -x | r, l | r, l, R | l |
| *l | *r | r | r | c | r, l, R | l |
| *r | -- | |||||
| *N | *ł | l | l | n | n | d |
| *w | *w, *u | w | w | w | w | v |
| *y | *y | y | y | y | y | y |
| *a | *a | a | a | a | a, i / *q | a |
| *ə | *ə | Ø | Ø | |||
| *i | *i | i, -i/e | i, -i/e | i | i | i |
| *u | *u | u | u/aw-, -u-, -u/aw | u | u | u |