Sindhob Amarin
Sindhob Amarin, also known by the abbreviated title Phraya Kreak, emerges as a monarch of the 10th century in mainland Southeast Asian historiography, principally attested in the Northern Chronicle and the Ayutthaya Testimonies. These sources identify him as a ruler exercising authority over the ancient polities of the Phraek Si Racha historical region, a strategic zone within the central Menam Basin. While the Ayutthaya Testimonies do not explicitly record the dates of his reign, a chronological reconstruction derived from the narrative framework of the Northern Chronicle suggests that Sindhob Amarin's rule extended approximately from 937 to 996 CE.
This reconstructed reign period partially overlaps with that of Sudhammaraja, another ruler associated with Phraek Si Racha, whose reign is estimated to have lasted from 922 to 957 CE. The apparent overlap can be plausibly reconciled by the testimony of the Ayutthaya Testimonies, which records that Sudhammaraja subsequently relocated northward to establish Phitsanulok as his new political seat. On this basis, it is reasonable to infer that Sindhob Amarin's accession coincided with, or immediately followed, Sudhammaraja's departure from Phraek Si Racha.
No extant source explicitly records the dynastic relationship between Sindhob Amarin and his predecessor, Sudhammaraja. Nevertheless, his reign corresponds chronologically with a period during which Tambralinga exerted influence over the lower Menam Basin, approximately from 927 CE to the mid-10th century, with Lavo functioning as a principal regional power center.
Attack on Ayodhya
The Northern Chronicle further provides a narrative backdrop that illuminates Sindhob Amarin's rise to wider prominence. According to the chronicle, in 944 CE, a nobleman from Mueang Bang Pan named Bhuddhasagara migrated southward and was subsequently enthroned as ruler of Mueang Wat Derm, later known as Ayodhya, located on the eastern bank of the Pasak River opposite the site of modern Ayutthaya Island. In 974 CE, Bhuddhasagara's son succeeded to the throne, only to be later deposed by Phraya Kreak. Upon this successful usurpation, Phraya Kreak assumed the regnal title Sindhob Amarin.Following his victory over the ruling house of Mueang Wat Derm, Sindhob Amarin consolidated political authority over both Mueang Wat Derm and Mueang Phreak, thereby unifying two key centers within the lower Pasak–Menam corridor. Notably, despite this expansion of control, he continued to maintain his principal seat of power at Phraek Si Racha.