Simia


In his Systema Naturae of 1758, Carl Linnaeus divided the Order Primates within Mammalia into four genera: Homo, Simia, Lemur, and Vespertilio. His Vespertilio included all bats, and has since been moved from Primates to Chiroptera. Homo contained humans, Lemur contained four lemurs and a colugo, and Simia contained the other Primates. Linnaeus did not think that Homo should form a distinct group from Simia, classifying them separately mainly to avoid conflict with religious authorities. If this is taken into account, Simia would be roughly equivalent to the Suborder Haplorhini of the Primates.
Homo, Lemur, and Vespertilio have survived as generic names, but Simia has not. All the species have since been moved to other genera, and in 1929, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in its Opinion 114 that Simia be suppressed. The genus Simias is distinct and remains valid, containing a single species, the pig-tailed langur.
The original genus Simia came to include these species:
Modern genusModern common nameOriginal scientific name
Carlito Groves and Shekelle, 2010Philippine tarsierSimia syrichta Linnaeus, 1758
Callithrix Erxleben, 1777Silvery marmosetSimia argentata Linnaeus, 1771
Callithrix Erxleben, 1777Common marmosetSimia jacchus Linnaeus, 1758
Leontopithecus Lesson, 1840Golden lion tamarinSimia rosalia Linnaeus, 1766
Saguinus Hoffmannsegg, 1807Brown-mantled tamarinSimia leonina Humboldt, 1806
Saguinus Hoffmannsegg, 1807Red-handed tamarinSimia midas Linnaeus, 1758
Saguinus Hoffmannsegg, 1807Cotton-top tamarinSimia oedipus Linnaeus, 1758
Cebus Erxleben, 1777White-fronted capuchinSimia albifrons Humboldt, 1812
Cebus Erxleben, 1777White-headed capuchinSimia capucina Linnaeus, 1758
Cebus Erxleben, 1777Tufted capuchinSimia apella Linnaeus, 1758
Cebus Erxleben, 1777Tufted capuchinSimia fatuellus Linnaeus, 1766
Saimiri Voigt, 1831Common squirrel monkeySimia sciurea Linnaeus, 1758
Alouatta Lacépède, 1799Red-handed howlerSimia belzebul Linnaeus, 1766
Alouatta Lacépède, 1799Venezuelan red howlerSimia seniculus Linnaeus, 1766
Ateles É. Geoffroy, 1806Red-faced spider monkeySimia paniscus Linnaeus, 1758
Lagothrix É. Geoffroy, 1812Brown woolly monkeySimia lagotricha Humboldt, 1812
Pithecia Desmarest, 1804White-faced sakiSimia pithecia Linnaeus, 1766
Chiropotes Lesson, 1840Black bearded sakiSimia chiropotes Humboldt, 1812
Callicebus Thomas, 1903Black titiSimia lugens Humboldt, 1812?
Callicebus Thomas, 1903Atlantic titiSimia personatus É. Geoffroy, 1812
Chlorocebus Gray, 1870GrivetSimia aethiops Linnaeus, 1758
Chlorocebus Gray, 1870Green monkeySimia sabacea Linnaeus, 1766
Cercopithecus Linnaeus, 1758
Moustached guenonSimia cephus Linnaeus, 1758
Cercopithecus Linnaeus, 1758
Diana monkeySimia diana Linnaeus, 1758
Cercopithecus Linnaeus, 1758
Diana monkeySimia faunus Linnaeus, 1758
Cercopithecus Linnaeus, 1758
Greater spot-nosed monkeySimia nictitans Linnaeus, 1766
Macaca Lacépède, 1799Crab-eating macaqueSimia aygula Linnaeus, 1758
Macaca Lacépède, 1799Barbary macaque?Simia cynamolgos Linnaeus, 1758
Macaca Lacépède, 1799Barbary macaque?Simia cynomolgus Linnaeus, 1766
Macaca Lacépède, 1799Barbary macaqueSimia inuus Linnaeus, 1766
Macaca Lacépède, 1799Barbary macaqueSimia sylvanus Linnaeus, 1758
Macaca Lacépède, 1799Southern pig-tailed macaqueSimia nemestrina Linnaeus, 1766
Macaca Lacépède, 1799Lion-tailed macaqueSimia silenus Linnaeus, 1758
Macaca Lacépède, 1799Toque macaqueSimia sinica Linnaeus, 1771
Papio Erxleben, 1777Hamadryas baboonSimia hamadryas Linnaeus, 1758
Papio Erxleben, 1777Yellow baboonSimia cynocephalus Linnaeus, 1766
Mandrillus Ritgen, 1824MandrillSimia sphinx Linnaeus, 1758
Mandrillus Ritgen, 1824MandrillSimia maimon Linnaeus, 1766
Pygathrix É. Geoffroy, 1812Red-shanked doucSimia nemaeus Linnaeus, 1771
Pongo Lacépède, 1799Bornean orangutanSimia pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760
Pongo Lacépède, 1799Bornean orangutanSimia satyrus Linnaeus, 1758
Pan Oken, 1816Common chimpanzeeSimia satyrus Linnaeus, 1758
Pan Oken, 1816Common chimpanzeeSimia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775
Simia apedia Linnaeus, 1758
Simia morta Linnaeus, 1758
Simia trepida Linnaeus, 1766
Simia veter Linnaeus, 1766