Shear vane test
The shear vane test is a method of measuring the undrained shear strength of a cohesive soil. The test is carried out with equipment consisting of a rod with vanes mounted to it that is inserted into the ground and rotated. A gauge on the top of the rod measures the torque required to cause failure of the soil and provides a conversion to shear strength. The equipment has been in use since at least 1948. The equipment has also been used since at least 1967 to assess the shear strength of packs of snow at risk of forming a slab avalanche.
Equipment used
The shear vane consists of a straight rod with four vanes on one end, arranged in a cruciform pattern, and a combined handle/torque gauge. The rod is inserted into the soil to a depth of 500mm and rotated at a rate of between 6 and 12 degrees per minute. Once the soil fails in shear the gauge shows the maximum torque applied. The gauge is marked with a scale that converts the torque into a shear strength. There are two scales for use with two different sizes of vane – vanes are used for soils with shear strengths up to 50 kN/m2 and vanes for stronger soils. In the United Kingdom the methodology is governed by British Standard 1377.The shear vane is a simple and portable piece of equipment. The test is suitable for clay soils classified as soft to firm. By remoulding the sample and retesting an indication of the sensitivity of the clay can also be found. The test has also been used to measure the shear strength of mortar mixes, where it has been shown to correlate with the slump value. The equipment has also been used since at least 1967 to assess the shear strength of packs of snow at risk of forming a slab avalanche.