Mu'min al-Taq


Abū Ja'far Muḥammad ibn 'Alī ibn Nu'mān al-Bajalī al-Kūfī, commonly known as Mu'min al-Ṭāq was a distinguished Shia Muslim theologian and a companion of Ja'far al-Sadiq and Musa al-Kazim, whose debates regarding Imamate with other scholars are famous. He lived in the 2nd/8th century, and was from the tribe of Bajila from Kufa.
He was known in the polemic and debate circles of the time, and was reportedly renowned for providing incisive and thought-provoking responses to questions from his opponents, and was. In particular, he is famous for getting into a heated argument with the renowned scholar and jurist Abu Hanifa, as well as debating and authoring a refutation of the Mu'tazilites. He advocated for Imamah and held that the Imams are the ones with the absolute knowledge required to lead Muslims and humanity to felicity at its highest level. He wrote a number of works including Kitab al-Imama and Kitab al-radd 'ala' al-Mu'tazila fi imamat al-mafdul.

Name

Muhammed ibn Ali ibn al-Nu'man's kunya was Abu Ja'far.
His opponents nicknamed him Shaytan al-Taq . This is attributed, among other things, to the fact that he was a money exchanger in a market in "Taq al-Mahamil" in Kufa, and due to his expertise to spot counterfeit money he earned the nickname. According to another source, Abu Hanifa was the first to call him by this nickname when he defeated the Haruriyya in a discussion. In contrast to Abu Hanifa, the Shias of Kufa gave him the nickname Mu'min al-Taq.
It is said that when he defeated Abu Hanifa in a debate, Abu Hanifa was the first one to call him "Shaytan al-Taq" for the first time. And when Hisham ibn al-Hakam heard this, he was the first person who called him "Mu'min al-Taq".

Position

Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Nu'man al-Ahwal stood out among the Kufa speculative theologians who connected the Imamate question to other fundamental scholastic problems. The heresiographers refer to his circle as AnNu'maniya, and he differentiated himself from the rest of Ja'far al-Sadiq's followers via his mastery of dialectics, his theological knowledge, and the sharpness of his rejoinders in debates with his opponents. Al-Ahwal, a fervent Shi'i, was initially one of the most dedicated followers of al-Baqir, whose claims he defended against Zayd. Later, he developed a reputation as a renowned theologian and became a passionate supporter first of al-Sadiq and then of Musa al-Kazim.

Al-Sadiq's view

Al-Sadiq obliged Mu'min al-Taq to debate with the religious intellectuals of that day. In the meantime, he prohibited his companions from doing this due to lack of mastery in this field.
Al-Sadiq praised him saying: "The most lovable people, alive and dead, to me are: Burayd ibn Mu'awiya al-'Ijli, Zurarah ibn A'yun, Muhammad bin Muslim, and Abu Ja'far al-Ahwal."
When al-Sadiq learned that this well-known follower was expressing differing viewpoints while participating in theological debates, he made the following statement:, "If I were to approve of and express satisfaction with the theological views which you express, I should be guilty of error.On the other hand, it would be hard for me to dissociate from these views. After all, we are few and our enemies legion." Dissociation, then, is a luxury which the Imams can ill afford, even if Mu'min al-Taq, Zurara, and their ilk deserve it in principle.

Debates

According to some hadiths, he debated Zayd ibn Ali with regard to the Imamate of al-Sadiq. Also his debates with Abu Hanifa, Ibn Abi Khidra, Dahhak Shadi from Khawarij, Ibn Abi l-'Awja', and others are cited.
It is said that al-Dahhak, from the Kharijites, went in revolt in Kufa and controlled it. Al-Dahhak headed their movements and called himself the Commander of the faithful.
Mu'min al-Taq turned to him and said: "Surely I am a man with knowledge of my religion. I have heard that you describe justice, so I would like to enter with you."
Al-Dahhak was happy at that and regarded it as a victory for him, so he said to his companions:
"Certainly, if this enter with you, he will benefit you."
Mu'min al-Taq approached al-Dahhak and asked him the following question:
  • Why did you renounce Ali ibn Abi Talib?
  • Because he appointed someone as arbitrator in respect with the religion of Allah.
  • Do you regard as lawful killing him or fighting him who appoints someone as arbitrator in respect with the religion of Allah?
  • Yes?
  • Tell me about the religion on which I have come to debate with you: If my demonstration overcomes yours or yours overcomes mine, then who will draw the attention of the mistaken to his mistake and decide the rightness of the right? Therefore, we have no escape from that we must appoint someone to decide between us.
  • This-he indicated with his hand to a companion of his-is the arbitrator between us; he has knowledge of the religion.
Mu'min al-Taq found a way to criticize him and to abolish his beliefs, saying to him:
  • Have you appointed this person as an arbitrator in respect with the religion on which I have to debate with you?
  • Yes.
Mu'min al-Taq came near to the Kharijites and showed them the mistakes of their leader, saying to them: "Surely, your leader has appointed someone as an arbitrator in respect with Allah's religion; then that is up to you!"
The Kharijites attacked al-Dahhak and cut him into pieces with their own swords.

Works

  1. Kitab al-Imama.
  2. Kitab al-Ma'rifa.
  3. Kitab Ithbat al-Wasiya.
  4. Kitab al-Radd 'alaa al-Mu'tazila fi Imamat al-Mafdul.
  5. Kitab fi amar Talha wa al-Zubayr wa 'Aa'isha.
  6. Kitab If'al, La Taf'al.
  7. Al-Munazara ma'a Abu Hanifa.
  8. ''Kalamihi ma'a al-Khawarijj''