The Millennium Gate
The Millennium Gate ' was envisioned in 2000 as the world's first mega-sized ring-shaped architectural structure. It was planned to be erected along the Han River in Sangam-dong, Seoul, in conjunction with the new millennium, and the 2002 Korea-Japan FIFA World Cup.
International design competition
, the chairman of the New Millennium Preparation Committee, planned, and Shin Hyun-woong, the Deputy Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism and chairman of the Woongjin Foundation, led the international competition for the design of the Millennium Gate. This was a national symbol project during the Kim Dae-jung government era. In October 1999, a total of 181 teams, including various renowned architects and artists like Nam June Paik, registered, and 36 design proposals were ultimately submitted. In February 2000, a panel of nine judges, comprising the highest authorities in South Korea in the fields of design, structure, landscaping, urban planning, and design, unanimously selected a joint proposal by Lee Eunseok, a professor in the Department of Architecture at Kyung Hee University, and O'pus Architects. This work was recognized for its potential and excellence as a landmark of Seoul. Furthermore, Jang Seok-woong, the chairman of the jury, stated, ' well represents the symbolism, historicity, and identity of the Millennium Gate.The winning design for the Millennium Gate was a circular ring symbolizing an open gate. It was to feature the world's first Ferris wheel with a diameter of 200 meters, along with an observation deck, concert hall, and gallery, all integrated into one architectural structure. This building was planned to be completed on a site of about 100,000 pyeong in the 'Peace Park' on Nanjido, Sangam-dong, in time for the 2002 Korea-Japan FIFA World Cup. It was intended to be utilized as a global tourist attraction alongside the main World Cup stadium.
Composition of the Jury
Source:- Jang Seok-woong from Hanyang University College of Engineering, who has received the Presidential Award and is associated with the Kim Joong-up Architecture Research Institute. He has served as the President of the Korean Institute of Architects and is an Emeritus Honorary Member of the American Institute of Architects. He is also a Director of the Kim Swoo Geun Culture Foundation.
- Kang Seok-won from Hongik University's Department of Architecture and Art has received the Presidential Award, French National Order of Merit, and the Order of Cultural Merit of the Republic of Korea. He is a Gold Medalist of the Korean Institute of Architects, a French National Certified Architect, and an Architect in Canberra, Australia. He has served as an Honorary Member of the World Congress of Architects in Seoul, President of the Korea-France Cultural Association, President of the Korean Institute of Architects, and as a Professor at both Hongik University and Korea University.
- Ko Joo-seok, an Emeritus Professor of Landscape Architecture at Wageningen University, Netherlands, has also served as a Full Professor of Architecture at Texas Tech University, USA, and a Professor at Ewha Womans University. He has received the President's Award of the International Association of Landscape Architecture, the Korean Landscape Design Award, and the Bradford Williams Award.
- Kim Jin-gyun from Seoul National University and MIT has served as President of the Architectural Institute of Korea, the Korean Educational Facilities Society, and the Federation of Institutes of Korean Architecture. He has received the Korean Educational Facilities Society Merit Award, the Architectural Institute of Korea Merit Award, and the Prime Minister's Commendation Organization Merit Award.
- Oh Hwi-young from Hanyang University's Department of Architectural Engineering, with a background in Business Administration from Illinois State University, USA, has served as a Professor and Honorary Professor at Hanyang University Graduate School of Urban Studies. He has been a Landscape Officer for the City of Chicago, the Blue House, and a Founder of the Department of Landscape Architecture at Yeungnam University and the Graduate School of Environment at Seoul National University. He is a Founder of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture and the Korean Environmental Planning and Design Association and has been an Organizing Committee Member of the International Federation of Landscape Architects.
- Yoo Wan, an Honorary Professor in the Department of Urban Engineering at Yonsei University, has served as the President of the Urban Planning Society.
- Lee Woo-jin from Korea University's Department of Civil Engineering and Geotechnical Engineering, with a background from Purdue University, USA, has worked at the Technical Research Institute of Samsung Construction and served as a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Gongju National University and the School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering at Korea University.
- Ji Soon from Seoul National University's Department of Architectural Engineering is the first female architect in South Korea. She founded the Ilyang Architects Office and has served as a Professor in the College of Home Economics at Yonsei University, a Director of the Korean Institute of Architects, an Honorary Director of the Korean Association of Women Architects, and has received the Korean Architecture Culture Award Grand Prize and the Cho Pyeong Architecture Award.
- Han Do-ryong from Seoul National University's Department of Applied Arts and as Dean of the College of Fine Arts and Graduate School of Industrial Arts at Hongik University. He is an Honorary Professor at the College of Fine Arts, Hongik University, and a first Cultural Diplomacy Advisory Committee Member. He has received four consecutive special selections at the National Art Exhibition of Korea, worked on the design and supervision of the Korean Pavilion at the Montreal Expo, Canada, with Kim Swoo-geun, and participated in the display work for the Seoul Expo. He has served as the President of the Korean Society of Contemporary Design and received the Dongtan Industrial Medal, the Silver Tower Industrial Medal, and has been inducted into the Designers Hall of Fame.
Winners
Lee Eunseok
graduated from the Department of Architecture at Hongik University and is a French registered architect with a degree from École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville. He was a student of Henri Ciriani, who is known as the successor of Le Corbusier. He also obtained a Doctorate in Art History from Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Paris 1. Currently, he is a professor in the Department of Architecture at Kyung Hee University and has served as the President of the Architecture Design Institute of Korea, the Chief Architectural Advisor for Sejong City, and a member of the Korean Institute of Registered Architects qualification examination committee. In 1995, he participated in the international design competition for the Korean American Museum of Art and Culture Center in Los Angeles, USA. Competing against 475 teams from 68 countries, he became the first Korean to win first place in an international architectural design competition, judged by panelists including Richard Meier, Michael Graves, Robert A.M. Stern, and Kim Jong-sung, gaining recognition in the architectural world both domestically and internationally. He is the lead architect at Atelier KOMA and has received numerous awards, including the Korean Institute of Architects Award, the Korean Architectural Design Association Grand Prize, the Church Architecture Culture Award, and architecture awards from Seoul, Gangnam-gu, Busan, Daegu, Gyeonggi-do, as well as the Architecture Master Prize and the Architizer A+ Awards.O'pus Architects
Woo Dae-sung, Kim Kwang-woo, Lee Gye-soon, Jo Sung-ki, and Kim Hyung-jong from O'pus Architects Office were also winners. Architect Jo Sung-ki, after completing his studies at Hongik University and its graduate school, worked on projects such as the 'Seoul National University Management Research Building,' 'Seoul Arts College Ansan Campus,' and the 'LG Sangnok Resort Project' at Creation Architecture. He is a featured artist at the Korea Architecture Expo, particularly interested in church architecture and mixed-use projects like residential-commercial complexes. On the other hand, architect Woo Dae-sung, after graduating from Hongik University and its graduate school, served as a naval facilities officer, was active in the Korean Institute of Architects, and the Organizing Committee for the 1999 Architecture Culture Year. He earned his doctorate with a thesis on 'A Study on the Characteristics of Monumental Urban Architecture' and was active in DOCOMOMO Korea, an organization dedicated to the conservation of modern architecture. Meanwhile, architect Kim Hyung-jong, after graduating from Dongguk University and gaining practical experience at Top Architects Research Institute, worked on design projects such as 'Gangchon Ski Resort,' 'Yonsei University Sangnam Management Building,' and 'Jeonju Riviera Hotel' at Jang Architecture and Creation Architecture following his graduation from the graduate school of Hongik University.2nd Place
- Professor Lim Chae-jin + Lee Sang Environmental Architecture Office
3rd Place
- SPACE Group
- Heerim Architects
Media attention
Domestic media
The Millennium Gate was introduced in the domestic media as a landmark to represent Seoul, akin to the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Statue of Liberty in New York.On February 16, 2000, KBS News reported on the winning design of the international competition for the Millennium Gate, set to be built in the Peace Park in Sangam-dong.
On December 4, 2000, MBC News showed computer-simulated images of the 'Millennium Gate,' or 'Seoul's Ring,' planned to be built near the main Olympic Stadium in Sangam-dong along the Han River. The structure, to be made of steel, was said to boast a unique 360-degree circular shape with a diameter of 200 meters, unparalleled in the world. This circular structure symbolizes the desires of our people for creation and emptiness, circulation and completion, and unification. Inside 'Seoul's Ring,' which is expected to be finished with glass, plans included four gondolas and 2000 steps. From the top, one could enjoy views of Seoul, the beautiful sunset over the West Sea, and on clear days, even see as far as Gaeseong. Reporter Lee Seon-jae introduced the Millennium Gate, saying, 'Foreigners entering from Gimpo or Incheon International Airport will encounter Korea for the first time with the mysterious image of Seoul's Ring, along with the elegant arch of Banghwa Bridge visible behind me, and they will remember Seoul with the image of a circle when they leave.'
On December 5, 2000, KBS News reported that a model of the Millennium Gate was unveiled, stating that construction of the Millennium Gate, scheduled to begin in March 2000, would be located on a site of 12,000 pyeong. It was described as having a circular structure with a diameter of 200 meters and a thickness of 18 meters. The space was planned to include not only an observation deck but also various facilities such as a contemporary history museum and a cyber history hall.