Sengol
The Sengol is a gold-plated, silver sceptre that is installed in the Lok Sabha or lower house of the Parliament of India. The sceptre was presented to Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, by a Tamil Adheenam in a ceremony to symbolise the transfer of power on the evening before the Independence of India in 1947. The Sengol was initially housed at Allahabad Museum for decades until it was moved to its present location at the new parliament building during its inauguration by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in May 2023.
History
As the independence of India drew near, Jawaharlal Nehru and other members of the Indian National Congress took part in religious ceremonies and received gifts. On such an occasion on 14 August 1947, emissaries from the Tiruvāvaḍutuṟai Ādhīṉam Maṭha, a Shaivite monastery in the erstwhile Tanjore district of Madras Presidency, presented Nehru with the Sengol at his home. According to a report in the Time:The event had negligible impact on public discourse at the time; contemporaneous news clips recorded the gift of the Sengol as a courtesy. Soon afterwards, the Sengol and other belongings of Nehru were donated to Allahabad Museum in Prayagraj.
The Sengol lost prominence until it was placed in the Lok Sabha during the inauguration of New Parliament House, New Delhi, in 2023. At the inauguration, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who was accompanied by Hindu priests heading the 20 Adheenams in Tamil Nadu, installed the Sengol near the chair of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
The Sengol, believed to have been a symbol of transfer of power from the United Kingdom to the newly independent India, appears to have been derived from a year-old article by Swaminathan Gurumurthy published in Thuglak magazine; Gurumurthy attributed it to the recollections of Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi, 68th head of the Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham, as told to a disciple in 1978.
According to the Government, upon being asked by Lord Mountbatten about a symbol to mark the transfer of power, Nehru discussed the issue with fellow INC leader C. Rajagopalachari, who informed Nehru of the Chola tradition of transferring a sengol and with his agreement, approached the seer of Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam Matha to make one. A delegation of monks flew to Delhi to present this sengol first to Mountbatten and then to Nehru in an official ceremony.
Design
Vummidi Bangaru Chetty, a jeweller from Madras, crafted the Sengol. The Sengol is a handcrafted, gold-plated sceptre about long, and has a diameter of about at the top and at the bottom. It encases a wooden staff and is surmounted by a sitting Nandi to symbolise justice and righteousnessReception
Barely a fortnight after Nehru received the Sengol, C. N. Annadurai, a Dravidian nationalist and the future first Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, wrote a polemical tract on the subject for Dravida Nadu, pondering the socio-political implications of his acceptance. He warned the motive of the Adheenam was to convince the public later they had inaugurated the new government.Many political analysts have noted the increasing use of Hindu grammar in the domains of the state. In 2023, The New York Times noted that this sceptre emerged as a key object encapsulating the meaning of the new Parliament, that is, "to shed not just the remnants of India's colonial past, but also increasingly to replace the secular governance that followed it". Others found the use of a monarchical relic unsuitable for a parliamentary democracy.