Conservation Techniques for Cultural Properties


In 1975 the Japanese government added a new chapter to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties to provide for "traditional techniques or craftsmanship that are indispensable to the preservation of cultural property and for which preservation measures shall be taken". Preservation techniques are selected in relation to both tangible and intangible cultural properties and a holder or preservation body is recognized for each technique.
In support of the Selected Conservation Techniques, the government provides funding for and conducts programmes relating to documentation, training, development, promotion and public education. Recognition is thus made and measures taken to combat some of the most serious conservation issues, namely the lack of specialist craftsmen, the loss of knowledge of traditional techniques, and the availability of suitable tools and materials. These issues are of particular relevance in Japan due to the sophistication and inherent susceptibility of much of its art and architecture.
The list below is compiled from the database of cultural properties maintained by the Agency for Cultural Affairs, with translations, glosses and listed holders following those published by the Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO.

Selected Conservation Techniques

Tangible Cultural Properties

48 techniques
NameRemarksHolderYearPicture
Casting productionIndividual 1999
Ukiyo-e woodblock art techniquesGroup1978
Crafting of decorative metal fittingsIndividual 1998
Restoration of Japanese armourIndividual 1998 and 2022
Gathering sedge used for thatchingGroup 2018
Roofing with ThatchingJoint 1980
Production of karakami paperIndividual 1999
Production of gold and silver yarn and foilIndividual 2017
Lacquer coating of buildingsJoint 2016
Buildings colourationJoint 1976
Building decorationGroup2007
Woodwork for buildingJoint 1976
Production of silkIndividual 2021
Plastering 2018
Restoration of LacquerwareIndividual 1994
Crafting and restoration of metal fittings of Jōdai ornamentsIncludes mikoshi, zushiIndividual 1977
Stone tile roofingIndividual 2005
Traditional framing and mounting techniquesGroup 1995
Production of Nail Individual 1998
Manufacture of tatamiIndividual1929
Making of traditional fittings such as ShōjiIncludes shōji, fusuma, amadoIndividual 1999
Manufacture and repair of sword fittings Individual 2018
Manufacture of decorative arts metal jewellery and fittingsIndividual 2019
Manufacture of kiribakoIndividual 1980
Manufacture of decorative arts boxes Individual 2021
Production of brushes for mountingIndividual 1998
Manufacture of ancient textiles for mountingFor kakemono etc.Individual2007
Production of Udagami handmade paper for mounting on sliding doorswashiIndividual 1978
Production of Hoshū handmade paper for mountingwashiIndividual2007
Production of Misugami handmade paper for mountingwashiIndividual2009
Manufacture of brushes for mountingIndividual1958
Manufacture of wooden picture mountingsIndividual 2021
Lacquer coating of mountings Individual 2022
Weavings of mountingsGroup2023
Joinery for mountingIndividual1995
Gathering HinokiIndividual 1999
Roof-thatching using Hinokicf. shake roofingJoint 1976
Conservation techniques for Cultural Properties of JapanGroup2009
Conservation techniques for Japanese gardenGroup2002
Dyeing with true Indigo dyeIndividual 1996
Production and repair of Japanese festivalsGroup 1976
Woodwork restorationIndividual 1997
Production of shinglesJoint 2011
Roofing with roofing tilesJoint 1994
Kiku-jutsu techniques for marking when constructing wooden building lit. "measuring with a carpenter's square"Individual 1993

Intangible Cultural Properties

30 techniques
NameRemarksHolderYearPicture
Awa Province Group 1978
Smoked plum productionIndividual 2011
Production of tools for Toxicodendron vernicifluumIndividual 1995
Production of Yoshino, NaraIndividual 1999
Production of brushes for lacquerIndividual 1998
Crafting and restoration of wind instruments for gagaku musicIndividual 1976
Crafting and restoration of string instruments for gagaku music 2014
Kabuki stage costume production and restorationGroup 2002
Kabuki stage set productionGroup 2002
Kabuki wig productionGroup 2020
Kabuki stage properties productionGroup 1996
Hair styling for kabuki theatreIndividual 2003
Karamushi plant productionramieGroup 1991
Kumi Odori tools and costume production and restoration Group2009
Natural dyestuffs productionGroup 1979
Production of steel used for making Japanese swordstamahaganeGroup 1977
Traditional steel-refining Individual 1977
Choma thread twistingGroup 2003
Production of tools for PapermakingwashiGroup 1976
Loom buildingIndividual 2003
Special charcoal for polishing lacquer or metal handicraftsIndividual 1994
Production and refining of Japanese lacquerGroup 1976
Crafting of drumheads for Ōtsuzumi drums used in nohgakuIndividual 1976
Crafting of kotsuzumi drums and drumheads for nohgakuIndividual 1995
Production of noh costumesIndividual 2020
Crafting and restoration of biwaIndividual2006
Production of strings for Japanese stringed instrumentsfor shamisen, koto, wagon, biwaIndividual 1979
Production of strings for Traditional Japanese musical instrumentsGroup 1991
Production of brushes for Maki-efor maki-eIndividual 1987
Ryukyu IslandsJoint 1977

Intangible and Tangible Cultural Properties

5 techniques
NameRemarksHolderYearPicture
Production of tools for printing and colouringIndividual 2017
Production of entsuke gold leafGroup 2014
Production of bamboo Weed Group2017
Production of tools for noodle makingIndividual 2018
Production of charcoalGroup2014