Eight sermons before the Sejm

Sejm Sermons or the Eight sermons before the Sejm, is a political treatise by Polish Jesuit Piotr Skarga, published in 1597. It is one of two most famous works by Skarga, the other being Żywoty świętych.

Origin

Skarga likely composed the work in the aftermath of an unruly parliament session of February–March 1597. After a number of quarrels, the Sejm failed to pass any legislation, even those related to national security; some suspected that foreign powers bribed some deputies to ensure this outcome. Skarga published the Sermons later that year as a supplement to the second edition of his Kazania na niedziele i święta całego roku.

Content

In the Sermons, Skarga discusses what he sees as the problems of the ailing Commonwealth: lack of love for the Fatherland, internal quarrels, tolerance of "heretics", the relative powerlessness of the king, problematic laws and immorality. Another noteworthy aspect of the book is its focus on the desperate situation of the serfs.

History and significance

Polish historian Janusz Tazbir, author of Skarga's biography, notes that there is an incorrect myth that the Sermons were delivered as a real sermon to the king and deputies. Although a sermon would traditionally open and close the Sejm session, there is no proof that Skarga's work was ever delivered to the deputies in the form of a real sermon.
The book went in fact mostly unnoticed by its contemporaries, to the degree that Tazbir finds puzzling. They would not be reprinted individually until 1792. The book was rediscovered and gained fame in the period of the Partitions of Poland, when the ailings of the Polish state, including many criticized by Skarga, resulted in the loss of Polish independence and sovereignty for over a century. Skarga's prediction of the country's fall, combined with the quality of his prose, led to his recognition as a "patriotic seer". Inconvenient historical context – such as that Skarga blamed religious tolerance as one of the chief evils, and incorrectly saw the Muslim Ottoman Empire as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's primary threat – was swept aside by the positive reviews and endorsements of numerous 19th-century historians, as well as artists, most notably poet Adam Mickiewicz and painter Jan Matejko, the latter immortalizing Skarga on his painting Kazanie Skargi.
Sermons had several editions and were subject of several works by historians such as Stanisław Kot and Mirosław Korolko.
In 1916 Adam Berga translated Sermons in French under the title Les Sermons politiques du P.Skarga S.J and prefaced it with a critical introduction. The same year Berga published a monograph about Skarga, Un prédicateur de la cour de Pologne sous Sigismond III, Pierre Skarga, 1536-1612: étude sur la Pologne du XVIe siècle et le protestantisme polonaise.