Second Drees cabinet


The Second Drees cabinet, also called the Third Drees cabinet was the executive branch of the Dutch Government from 2 September 1952 until 13 October 1956. The cabinet was formed by the social-democratic Labour Party and the Christian-democratic Catholic People's Party, Anti-Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union after the election of 1952. The cabinet was a Centre-left grand coalition and had a majority in the House of Representatives with Labour Leader Willem Drees serving as Prime Minister. Former Catholic Prime Minister Louis Beel served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior.
The cabinet served during early years of the turbulent 1950s. Domestically the recovery and rebuilding following World War II continued with the assistance of the Marshall Plan. It was also able to finalize several major social reforms to social security, welfare, child benefits and education from the previous cabinet. Internationally the decolonization of the Dutch East Indies following the Indonesian National Revolution continued. The cabinet suffered no major internal and external conflicts and completed its entire term and was succeeded by the Third Drees cabinet following the election of 1956.

Term

The economic recovery after World War II continued. This made further expansion of social security possible, of which the best example is the institution of the state pension AOW in 1956. Also, a major housing scheme was executed, building 80 000 houses per year.
A major setback was the North Sea flood of 1953, which resulted in damage equivalent to 5% of the GDP. An emergency law was made to recover the dykes and plans were made for the Delta Works, the world's largest flood protection project, which should protect the South West Netherlands against another such combination of storm and spring tide.
An episcopal 'mandement' called for Catholics to give up their PvdA-membership, but without result.
The 29 December 1952 Statute for the kingdom granted Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles a certain degree of independence within the kingdom.
In 1955 the labour ban on married women was abolished, following the "motion Tendeloo", named after PvdA's member of parliament Corry Tendeloo. This ban meant that state employers had to fire their female employees once they married.
On 15 February 1956 the Dutch-Indonesian Union officially ended. Relationships between the two countries continued to deteriorate.
When the PvdA voted with the opposition over a combined law to lower taxes and raise rents on 17 May 1955, this led to a crisis. The cabinet fell, but returned after 17 days when PvdA chairman Burger had reconciled the parties.
File:Zuid Afrikaanse Pr. dr. Malan door Dr. Drees ontvangen, Bestanddeelnr 905-7716.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Prime Minister of South Africa D. F. Malan, Prime Minister Willem Drees and Minister of Colonial Affairs Willem Kernkamp at the Ministry of General Affairs on 9 June 1953.
File:Dr. Drees ontvangt Generaal Gruenther, Bestanddeelnr 906-0373.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Prime Minister Willem Drees, Supreme Allied Commander Europe General Alfred Gruenther and Minister of Defence Kees Staf at the Ministry of General Affairs on 15 October 1953.
File:Maarschalk Alexandros Papagos, premier van Griekenland, ontvangen door m, Bestanddeelnr 091-0891.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Prime Minister of Greece Alexandros Papagos, Prime Minister Willem Drees and Greek Minister for Foreign Affairs Stefanos Stefanopoulos at the Ministry of General Affairs on 2 February 1954.
File:Duitse minister van Buitenlandse Zaken Heinrich von Brentano bezoekt Nederland., Bestanddeelnr 077-1136.jpg|thumb|right|250px|West-German Minister for Foreign Affairs Heinrich von Brentano and Prime Minister Willem Drees at the Ministry of General Affairs on 8 March 1956.

Cabinet Members

Trivia

  • Nine cabinet members had previous experience as scholars and professors: Louis Beel, Julius Christiaan van Oven, Jelle Zijlstra, Willem Kernkamp, Willem Hendrik van den Berge, Gerard Veldkamp, Piet Muntendam, Aat van Rhijn and Anna de Waal.
  • Four cabinet members served as Prime Minister: Willem Drees, Louis Beel , Jelle Zijlstra and Jo Cals.
  • Four cabinet members would later be granted the honorary title of Minister of State: Willem Drees, Louis Beel, Jelle Zijlstra and Jo Cals.
  • Two cabinet members Johan Beyen and Sicco Mansholt are considered Founding fathers of the European Union.
  • The age difference between oldest cabinet member Julius Christiaan van Oven and the youngest cabinet member Gerard Veldkamp was.
  • Had both the oldest and youngest cabinet members in Dutch History when they took office: Julius Christiaan van Oven was years old and Gerard Veldkamp was years old.
  • Anna de Waal was the first female cabinet member in Dutch History.