Scheduled monuments in Greater Manchester
There are 46 scheduled monuments in Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a "nationally important" archaeological site or historic building that has been given protection against unauthorised change by being placed on a list by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, following advice from Historic England. Scheduled monuments are defined in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and the National Heritage Act 1983. There are nearly 20,000 entries on the schedule, which is maintained by Historic England as part of the National Heritage List for England; more than one site can be included in a single entry. While a scheduled monument can also be recognised as a listed building, Historic England's aim is to ensure that the most appropriate form of protection is applied to the building or site. Applications to deschedule a site are administered by Historic England, which carries out an assessment and makes a recommendation to the Secretary of State.
The metropolitan county of Greater Manchester is composed of ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Manchester, Oldham, Rochdale, Salford, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan. The scheduled monuments in each borough are listed separately. They range from prehistoric structures—the oldest of which date from the Bronze Age—to more modern structures such as Astley Green Colliery, which dates from 1908. Greater Manchester has seven prehistoric monuments, found in Bury, Oldham, Salford, Stockport, and Tameside. The Bronze Age sites are mainly cairns and barrows, and both the Iron Age sites are military in nature, being promontory forts.
The trend of military sites continues from the Iron Age into the Roman period; two Roman forts in Greater Manchester are scheduled monuments and were the two main areas of Roman activity in the county. Of the nine castles in Greater Manchester, four are scheduled monuments: Buckton Castle, Watch Hill Castle, Bury Castle, and Radcliffe Tower. The last two are fortified manor houses, and although defined as castles, they were not exclusively military in nature; they probably acted as the administrative centre of the manors they served. There are several other manor houses and country houses—some with moats—in the county that are protected as scheduled monuments. Astley Green Colliery, Marple Aqueduct, Oldknow's Limekilns, and Worsley Delph are scheduled relics of Greater Manchester's industrial history.