Saurichthyiformes
Saurichthyiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish which existed in Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe and North America, during the late Permian to early Middle Jurassic. Saurichthyiiformes comprise two families, Saurichthyidae and Yelangichthyidae. Yelangichthyidae is monotypic, containing only the genus Yelangichthys. The gar or needlefish-like Saurichthyidae is primarily known from the genus Saurichthys. Additionally, the subgenera Saurorhynchus ''Costasaurichthys, Eosaurichthys, Lepidosaurichthys, and Sinosaurichthys'' are frequently used to group species, and are sometimes considered separate genera. Species are known from both marine end freshwater deposits. They had their highest diversity during the Early and Middle Triassic. Their phylogenetic position is uncertain, while they have often been considered members of Chondrostei, and thus related to living sturgeons and paddlefish, phylogenetic analysis of well-preserved remains has considered this relationship equivocal. They may actually belong to the stem-group of Actinopterygii, and thus not closely related to any living group of ray-finned fish.
Systematics
- Order †Saurichthyiformes Aldinger, 1937
- * Family †Saurichthyidae Owen 1860
- ** Genus †Saurichthys Agassiz, 1834
- *** †Saurichthys apicalis Agassiz 1834
- *** †Saurichthys breviabdominalis Maxwell et al. 2015
- *** †Saurichthys curionii
- *** †Saurichthys daubreei Firtion 1934
- *** †Saurichthys dawaziensis Wu et al. 2009
- *** †Saurichthys dianneae Maxwell et al. 2016
- *** †Saurichthys dongusensis Minich 1992
- *** †Saurichthys eximius Minikh 1982
- *** †Saurichthys gigas, non von Quenstedt 1858
- *** †Saurichthys gracilis
- *** †Saurichthys grignae Tintori 2013
- *** †Saurichthys gypsophilus Reis 1892
- *** †Saurichthys hamiltoni Stensiö 1925
- *** †Saurichthys hoffmanni Werneburg et al. 2014
- *** †Saurichthys huanshenensis Chou & Liu 1957
- *** †Saurichthys irregularis Oertle 1928
- *** †Saurichthys latifrons Eck 1865
- *** †Saurichthys lepidosteoides Frech 1903
- *** †Saurichthys macrocephalus
- *** †Saurichthys majiashanensis Tintori et al. 2014
- *** †Saurichthys minimahleri Werneburg et al. 2014
- *** †Saurichthys nepalensis Beltan & Janvier 1978
- *** †Saurichthys obrutchevi Minich 1981
- *** †Saurichthys orientalis Sytchevskaya 1999
- *** †Saurichthys parvidens Wade 1935
- *** †Saurichthys piveteaui Beltan 1968
- *** †Saurichthys proximus Minich 1981
- *** †Saurichthys rieppeli Maxwell et al. 2015
- *** †Saurichthys sceltrichensis Renesto et al. 2021
- *** †Saurichthys seefeldensis Kner 1867
- *** †Saurichthys spinosa Wu et al. 2018
- *** †Saurichthys stensioi Lehman 1952
- *** †Saurichthys sui Fang & Wu 2022
- *** †Saurichthys tenuirostris Münster 1839
- *** †Saurichthys tertius Minich 1982
- *** †Saurichthys ultimus Minikh 1992
- *** †Saurichthys vjuschkovi Minikh 1983
- *** †Saurichthys yangjuanensis Wu et al. 2015
- *** †Saurichthys yunnanensis Zhang, Zhou, Lu & Bai 2010
- ** Subgenus †Costasaurichthys Tintori, 2013
- *** †Saurichthys ''costasquamosus Rieppel 1985
- *** †Saurichthys paucitrichus Rieppel 1992
- ** Subgenus †Eosaurichthys Liu & Wei, 1988
- *** †Saurichthys chaoi
- *** †Saurichthys madagascariensis Piveteau 1945
- ** Subgenus †Lepidosaurichthys Tintori, 2013
- *** †Saurichthys dayi
- *** †Saurichthys elongatus Stensiö 1925
- *** †Saurichthys ornatus Stensiö 1925
- *** †Saurichthys toxolepis Mutter et al. 2008
- *** †Saurichthys wimani
- ** Subgenus †Sinosaurichthys Wu et al., 2010
- *** †Saurichthys longipectoralis Wu et al. 2009
- *** †Saurichthys longimedialis Wu et al. 2009
- *** †Saurichthys minuta Wu et al. 2009
- ** Genus †Saurorhynchus Reis, 1892
- *** †Saurichthys calcaratus Griffith 1977
- *** †Saurichthys deperditus
- *** †Saurichthys striolatus Bronn 1858
- *** †Saurorhynchus acutus
- *** †Saurorhynchus anningae Maxwell & Stumpf 2017
- *** †Saurorhynchus brevirostris
- *** †Saurorhynchus hauffi Maxwell & Stumpf 2017
- * Family †Yelangichthyidae Wu et al., 2013
- ** Genus †Yelangichthys Wu et al., 2013
- *** †Yelangichthys macrocephalus'' Wu et al., 2013
Phylogeny
Timeline of genera
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color:earlytriassic bar:NAM4 from:-251.902 till:-201.3 text:Saurichthys
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Additional references
Category:Prehistoric ray-finned fish orders
Category:Jurassic bony fish
Category:Permian bony fish
Category:Triassic bony fish
Category:Lopingian first appearances
Category:Early Jurassic extinctions