Saraiki alphabet


Saraiki has two main systems for writing, which are the Multani Script and Perso-Arabic script. Saraiki can also be written in Devanagari, though this is very uncommon in daily life.

Multani script

Multani is a Brahmic script originating in the Multan region of Punjab. The script was used for routine writing and commercial activities. Multani is one of four Landa scripts whose usage was extended beyond the mercantile domain and formalized for literary activity and printing; the others being Gurmukhi, Khojki and Khudabadi. Although Multani is now obsolete, it is a historical script in which written and printed records exist.
Traders or bookkeepers wrote in a script known as Langdi, although use of this script has been significantly reduced in recent times. Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Multani Script in ISO/IEC 10646 was submitted by Anshuman Pandey, on 26-04-2011. Saraiki Unicode has been approved in 2005.

Perso-Arabic script

The most common writing system for Saraiki today is Shahmukhi, based on the Perso-Arabic script. It is non-standardized and is generally written with an extension to the standard Shahmukhi alphabet. Saraiki has a 43-letter alphabet which include four letters that are not used in standard Shahmukhi. Another difference the Saraiki alphabet has with standard Shahmukhi is the disuse of the already uncommon Lam with tah above which is present in the standard form.

Alphabet Table

LetterName of LetterTranscriptionIPA
alifā, a, e, ē, o, i, u,,,,,,
beb
ɓeɓ/bb
pep
tet
ṭe
se
jīmj
ʄeʄ/jj
cec
baṛī he
xex
dāld
ḍāl
ɗālɗ/dd
zāl
rer
ṛe
zez
žež/
sīns
šīnš
svād
zvād
to'e
zo'e
‘ain,,,,,, ,,,,,,
ǧainǧ
fef
qāfq
kāfk
gāfg
ɠāfɠ/gg
lāml
mīmm
nūnn
nūn ǧunnā
ṇūn
vāvv
coṭī heh
do cašmī he_h,
coṭī yey, ī,
baṛī yee, ē,

Diacritics

hamza: indicates a glottal stop.ḥarakāt :
  • * fatḥa
  • * kasra
  • * ḍamma
  • * sukūn superscript alif ''shadda'': Gemination of consonants.
  • Arabic subscript alef, KhaRRi Zeer
  • Inverted Zamma, Ulti Pesh, Such as in : کٗرتا، مٗردا
  • Ghunna, over the noon
  • Tanween
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  • * ݙو زبر
  • * ݙو زیر
  • * ݙو پیش

Numerals

Like Standard Punjabi in Shahmukhi, Saraiki also uses the Eastern Arabic numerals:
Hindu–Arabic0123456789
Saraiki

Romanization

The romanization is often termed "transliteration" but that is not strictly correct, as transliteration is the direct representation of letters by using foreign symbols, but most systems for romanizing Arabic are actually transcription systems that represent the sound of the language. For example, the above rendering ' of the is a transcription, indicating the pronunciation; an example of transliteration would be '.
For Saraiki, all letters and symbols are used in Saraiki in Latin script.

Modern Indic scripts

The Devanagari and Gurmukhi scripts, written from left to right, were used by Hindus and Sikhs respectively around southern Punjab. Though not used in present-day Pakistan, there are still emigrant speakers in India who know the Devanagari or Gurmukhi scripts for Saraiki.
Devanagari has support for all the 4 Saraiki implosive consonants: ॻ, ॼ, ॾ and ॿ, which were actually introduced to write Sindhi. In Gurmukhi, these are approximated by gemination ligatures.