Sanie language


Sanie is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is similar to Samataw. There were 17,320 ethnic Sanie in 1998, but only about 8,000 spoke the Sanie language fluently. The Sanie are also known as the White Yi .
A Sanie pinyin orthography had also been developed recently.

Names

  • Ngwi, David Bradley's reconstruction for the autonym of Loloish speakers, is based on the Sanie autonym ' . Proto-Ngwi *ŋw- changed into '- or - in most modern Loloish languages.

Dialects

Bradley reports significant variation in the Sanie language, and briefly compares the following 6 dialects.East: Zhaozong 昭宗 Southeast: Chejiabi 车家壁 Northeast: Gulu 古律North: Qinghe 清河Northwest: Luomian 罗免Southwest: Tuoji 妥吉
Bradley notes that the Sanie varieties spoken in the plains of Xishan District in Heilingpu, Zhaozong, and Biji Townships are particularly conservative. The East and Southeast dialects are particularly conservative in that they preserve Proto-Loloish labiovelars; the speakers call themselves the '.
Northwest of Kunming, Sanie is locally known as Minglang 明廊''', and it is sometimes classified as a Sani dialect. It is spoken in Wuding County and Maoshan Township 茂山乡, Luquan County; it is probably also spoken in Fumin County. Gao reports high intermarriage rates between the Minglang and other neighboring ethnic groups.

Distribution

Sanie is spoken in 76 villages, 3 of which are mixed with Nasu. 58 of these villages are in Xishan District, 13 in southwestern Fumin County, and 5 in northwestern Anning County.
  • Fumin County
  • * Yongding Township: 11 villages
  • ** Qinghe Village Cluster: 5 villages
  • ** Wayao Village Cluster: 6 villages
  • * Mailongqing, Mailong Village Cluster, Daying Township 大营镇: 160 people
  • Xishan District
  • * Gulu Township 古律彝族白族乡: 29 villages
  • ** Gulu Village Cluster: 7 villages
  • ** Duomu Village Cluster: 6 villages
  • ** Lemu Village Cluster: 3 villages
  • ** Tuopai Village Cluster: 8 villages
  • * Tuanjie Township 团结彝族白族乡
  • ** Daxing Village Cluster: 7 villages
  • ** Damei Village Cluster: 3 villages
  • ** Qitai Village Cluster: 3 villages
  • ** Tuoji Village Cluster: 6 villages
  • ** Longtan Village Cluster: 1 village
  • ** Yuhua Village Cluster: 3 villages
  • ** Huahongyuan Village Cluster: 1 village ; language is endangered
  • * Heilingpu Township
  • ** Zhaozong Village Cluster: 3 villages, which are Zhaozong Dacun, Zhaozong Xiaocun, Hedi
  • * Majie Township 马街
  • ** Shiju village
  • * Biji Township 碧鸡: 176 people
  • ** Chejiabi village: 750 Yi people
  • Anning County: 5 villages
  • * Zhaojiazhuang Village Cluster, Qinglong Township: 4 villages; language is similar to that of Luze, southern Gulu Township
  • * Houshanlang Village Cluster: 1 village called Qingmenkou