Salmo


Salmo is a genus of ray-finned fish from the subfamily Salmoninae of family Salmonidae, and is part of the tribe Salmonini along with the sister genera Salvelinus and Salvethymus. Almost all Salmo species are native only in the Old World, the only exception being the Atlantic salmon, which is also naturally found across the North Atlantic in eastern North America.
The number of distinct species and subspecies in Salmo is a debated issue. The Atlantic salmon and brown trout are widespread species and have been introduced worldwide as farmed food fish or recreational game fish, while most of the other Salmo species are narrowly distributed forms endemic to single watersheds.
The name Salmo derives from the Latin salmō, meaning salmon. The vast majority of the Salmo species are actually trout, except the Atlantic salmon, which along with six Pacific species from the genus Oncorhynchus constitute the only seven officially recognized species of salmon.
Only two fossil species are known: †Salmo immigratus Gorjanovic-Kramberger, 1891 from the Miocene of Croatia, and †Salmo derzhavini Vladimirov, 1946 from the late Pliocene of Armenia. S. immigratus was initially dated to the Late Miocene, though more recent analyses suggest that it may date to the Middle Miocene, or the regional Sarmatian stage. S. immigratus appears to be a basal member of the genus, while S. derzhavini represents the earliest known occurrence of the brown trout species complex.

Species

The species currently listed in this genus are:
  • Salmo abanticus Tortonese, 1954
  • Salmo akairos Delling & Doadrio, 2005
  • Salmo aphelios Kottelat, 1997
  • Salmo balcanicus
  • Salmo baliki Turan, İsmail Aksu, Münevver Oral, Kaya, Bayçelebi, 2021
  • Salmo carpio Linnaeus, 1758
  • Salmo caspius Kessler, 1877
  • Salmo cenerinus Nardo, 1847
  • Salmo cettii Rafinesque, 1810
  • Salmo chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012
  • Salmo ciscaucasicus Dorofeeva, 1967
  • Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010
  • Salmo derzhavini Vladimirov, 1946
  • Salmo dentex
  • Salmo euphrataeus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014
  • Salmo ezenami L. S. Berg, 1948
  • Salmo farioides S. L. Karaman, 1938
  • Salmo ferox Jardine, 1835
  • Salmo fibreni Zerunian & Gandolfi, 1990
  • Salmo immigratus Gorjanovic-Kramberger, 1891
  • Salmo ischchan
  • * S. i. ischchan Kessler, 1877
  • * S. i. aestivalis Fortunatov, 1926
  • * S. i. gegarkuni Kessler, 1877
  • * S. i. danilewskii Gulelmi, 1888
  • Salmo kottelati Turan, Doğan, Kaya, & Kanyılmaz, 2014
  • Salmo labecula Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012
  • Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814
  • Salmo letnica
  • Salmo lourosensis Delling, 2011
  • Salmo lumi G. D. Poljakov, Filipi, Basho & Hysenaj, 1958
  • Salmo macedonicus
  • Salmo macrostigma
  • Salmo marmoratus G. Cuvier, 1829
  • Salmo montenigrinus
  • Salmo multipunctatus Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2015
  • Salmo munzuricus Turan, Kottelat & Kaya, 2017
  • Salmo nigripinnis Günther, 1866
  • Salmo obtusirostris
  • * S. o. krkensis
  • * S. o. obtusirostris Heckel, 1851
  • * S. o. oxyrhynchus
  • * S. o. salonitana
  • * S. o. zetenzis
  • Salmo ohridanus Steindachner, 1892
  • Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014
  • Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012
  • Salmo pallaryi Pellegrin, 1924
  • Salmo pelagonicus S. L. Karaman, 1938
  • Salmo pellegrini F. Werner, 1931
  • Salmo peristericus S. L. Karaman, 1938
  • Salmo platycephalus Behnke, 1968
  • Salmo rhodanensis Fowler, 1974
  • Salmo rizeensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010
  • Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758
  • Salmo schiefermuelleri Bloch, 1784
  • Salmo stomachicus Günther, 1866
  • Salmo taleri
  • Salmo tigridis Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş, 2011
  • Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758
  • * S. t. aralensis L. S. Berg, 1908
  • * S. t. fario Linnaeus, 1758
  • * S. t. lacustris Linnaeus, 1758
  • * S. t. oxianus Kessler, 1874
  • * S. t. trutta Linnaeus, 1758
  • Salmo viridis Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2015
  • Salmo visovacensis Taler, 1950
  • Salmo zrmanjaensis Karaman, 1938