SWAP-200
The Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure is a psychological test for personality diagnosis and clinical case formulation, developed by psychologists Jonathan Shedler and Drew Westen. SWAP-200 is completed by a mental health professional based on their observations and knowledge of a patient, client, or assessment subject. The person being assessed does not interact with the test. Because SWAP-200 is completed by the clinician, it may be argued that diagnostic findings depend less upon the accuracy of information people disclose about themselves and that test results are harder to fake relative to self-assessments. The SWAP instruments are based on over two decades of empirical research described in more than 100 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. SWAP-200 has been translated into fifteen languages. Other SWAP instruments include the revised SWAP-II and the SWAP-II-A for adolescents.
SWAP-200 is used by clinical practitioners to identify core psychological issues to address in psychotherapy, for personality disorder diagnosis, by forensic examiners, and by agencies of the United States federal government for assessment of personnel for sensitive positions such as those requiring high-level security clearances.
Scoring and interpretation
SWAP-200 comprises 200 personality-descriptive items or statements, each of which may describe a given person well, somewhat, or not at all. The clinician-assessor sorts or ranks the statements into eight categories, from most descriptive of the person to not descriptive or irrelevant. SWAP-200 items are written in jargon-free language and provide a "standard vocabulary" for clinical case description that can be used by mental health clinicians of all theoretical orientations. The SWAP instrument is based on the Q-sort method, a psychometric method designed to maximize reliability and minimize error variance.When the assessor completes the scoring procedure, software-based scoring algorithms compute and graph 37 diagnostic scales organized into three score profiles. The diagnostic scale scores are expressed as T-scores. The score profiles provide:
- DSM-5 personality disorder diagnoses,
- dimensional trait scores
When a SWAP-200 assessment is conducted in the context of psychotherapy, the instrument may be scored by the clinician after a minimum of six clinical contact hours. In research, forensic, personnel, and other assessment contexts, SWAP-200 can be scored on the basis of the Clinical Diagnostic Interview, a systematic version of the kind of interviewing skilled clinicians engage in to assess personality. The interview can be completed in approximately hours. SWAP can also be scored reliably on the basis of other, comparably psychologically rich interview sources.