Russian legislative elections
Russian legislative elections are a procedure of determining the composition of the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament, for the next five years through universal, direct, and secret voting of 450 deputies.
As of 2021, these elections have been held eight times:
- Elections of the 1st convocation of the State Duma: 12 December 1993;
- Elections of the 2nd convocation of the State Duma: 17 December 1995;
- Elections of the 3rd convocation of the State Duma: 19 December 1999;
- Elections of the 4th convocation of the State Duma: 7 December 2003;
- Elections of the 5th convocation of the State Duma: 2 December 2007;
- Elections of the 6th convocation of the State Duma: 4 December 2011;
- Elections of the 7th convocation of the State Duma: 18 September 2016;
- Elections of the 8th convocation of the State Duma: 19 September 2021.
Procedure
The layout and number of single-mandate districts are established in federal law by the State Duma in agreement with the Central Election Commission. The district's boundaries may not coincide with the boundaries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but at the same time, each subject must have at least one district. To register a candidate in a single-mandate constituency, it is necessary to overcome the 3% threshold of signatures from the number of voters in the respective constituency. The candidate with the most votes wins.The federal list of candidates must contain between 200 and 400 candidates from a party. To pass the list for elections, it is necessary to collect more than 200,000 signatures, but not less than 7,000 in one subject of the Russian Federation. The following do not require signatures: lists that overcame the 3% threshold for the federal district in the previous elections; and the list of candidates nominated by a political party that was admitted to the distribution of deputy mandates in the legislative body of at least one subject of the Russian Federation. Parties that do not pass the 5% threshold on the lists are not allowed to distribute deputy mandates.
Results
1st State Duma (1994—1996)
- Liberal Democratic Party of Russia — 64;
- Russia's Choice — 64;
- Communist Party of the Russian Federation — 42;
- Women of Russia — 23;
- Agrarian Party of Russia — 37;
- Yavlinsky-Boldyrev-Lukin — 20;
- Unity and Accord — 22;
- Democratic Party of Russia — 14;
- Civic Union — 10;
- Russian Democratic Reform Movement — 5;
- Dignity and Mercy — 3;
- Future of Russia–New Names — 2;
- Constructive-ecological movement of Russia "Kedr" — 1;
- Independent — 130;
2nd State Duma (1996—2000)
- Communist Party of the Russian Federation — 157;
- Liberal Democratic Party of Russia — 52;
- Our Home – Russia — 55;
- Yabloko — 41;
- Agrarian Party of Russia — 20;
- Power to the People — 9;
- Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats — 9;
- Congress of Russian Communities — 5;
- Ivan Rybkin Bloc — 3;
- Forward, Russia — 3;
- Women of Russia — 2;
- Pamfilova-Gurov-Lysenko — 2;
- Stanislav Govorukhin Bloc — 1;
- Bloc 89 — 1;
- Communists — Labour Russia — For the USSR — 1;
- My Fatherland — 1;
- Common Cause — 1;
- Party of Russian Unity and Accord — 1;
- Party of Workers' Self-Government — 1;
- Party of Economic Freedom — 1;
- Transformation of the Fatherland — 1;
- Trade Unions — Industrialists of Russia — Union of Labour — 1;
- Independent — 77;
3rd State Duma (2000—2003)
- Communist Party of the Russian Federation — 113;
- Unity — 64;
- Fatherland – All Russia — 75;
- Union of Right Forces — 29;
- Zhirinovsky Bloc — 17;
- Yabloko — 20;
- Our Home – Russia — 7;
- Russian All-People's Union — 2;
- Movement in Support of the Army — 2;
- Spiritual Legacy — 1;
- Andrei Nikolayev and Svyatoslav Fyodorov Bloc — 1;
- Congress of Russian Communities — Yury Boldyrev Movement — 1;
- Pensioners' Party — 1;
- Russian Socialist Party — 1;
- Independent — 107;
4th State Duma (2003—2007)
- United Russia — 308;
- Communist Party of the Russian Federation — 46;
- Liberal Democratic Party of Russia — 35;
- Rodina — 29;
- People's Party of the Russian Federation — 17;
- Yabloko — 4;
- Union of Right Forces — 3;
- Agrarian Party of Russia — 3;
- Russian Party of Pensioners and Social Justice Party — 1;
- Independent — 67;
5th State Duma (2007—2011)
- United Russia — 315;
- Communist Party of the Russian Federation — 57;
- Liberal Democratic Party of Russia — 40;
- A Just Russia — 38;
6th State Duma (2011—2016)
- United Russia — 238;
- Communist Party of the Russian Federation — 92;
- A Just Russia — 64;
- Liberal Democratic Party of Russia — 56;
7th State Duma (2016—2021)
- United Russia — 344;
- Communist Party of the Russian Federation — 42;
- Liberal Democratic Party of Russia — 39;
- A Just Russia — 23;
- Rodina — 1;
- Civic Platform — 1;
8th State Duma
- United Russia — 324;
- Communist Party of the Russian Federation — 58;
- A Just Russia – For Truth — 28;
- Liberal Democratic Party of Russia — 21;
- New People — 15;
- Rodina — 1;
- Civic Platform — 1;
- Party of Growth — 1;
- Independent — 1;