Roman Africa
Roman Africa or Roman North Africa is the culture of Roman Africans that developed from 146 BC, when the Roman Republic defeated Carthage and the Punic Wars ended, with subsequent institution of Roman Imperial government, through the 5th and 6th centuries AD under Byzantine Imperial control. In referring to "Africa", the Romans themselves meant mainly Africa Proconsularis or Mediterranean Africa, with Roman Egypt a separate province having a distinct Greco-Egyptian culture and society, and Aethiopia representing the largely unknown bounds of sub-Saharan Africa. The loose geography of "Roman Africa" encompasses primarily present-day Tunisia, Algeria and Libya.
Government
The Roman Imperial and later the Byzantine presence manifested in a series of evolving but defined administrative provinces. In the late Republic through the Principate and the Crisis of the Third Century, these were:- the original province of Africa, organized around the metropolis of Carthage under the first Roman governor of Africa, Scipio Aemilianus;
- from 25 BC, Africa Proconsularis, from which the province of Numidia was detached;
- Mauretania, colonized under the first Roman emperor, Augustus, and annexed as a province under Claudius in AD 44, from which the provinces Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis were created and retained until the Vandal conquest in AD 429;Tripolitania and Africa Byzacena, subdivided from proconsular Africa under the emperor Diocletian.
Byzantine North Africa was governed as:Praetorian prefecture of Africa ;Exarchate of Africa.