Fuel reserve
In motorcycles and cars, the fuel reserve setting indicates that the level of fuel in the tank is low. In cars and most modern motorcycles this quantity is automatically available. Older motorcycles have a manual fuel tap or petcock. When the main fuel is exhausted, the motor will start sputtering, prompting the rider to change the position knob to continue riding with a known smaller quantity of fuel. Generally, when a rider notices that the engine began sputtering, he or she will have enough time to turn the petcock and access the reserve fuel before the engine shuts down.
Most petcocks have three positions:
- OFF - This position is important to keep the tank from leaking when the engine is off. Whether it is present or not depends on the type of carburetor that is used.
- MAIN - This is the normal setting when the engine is running. Sometimes this position is labeled "ON" or "RUN".
- RESERVE - In this position, a known but small volume of fuel is available to allow the rider to be able to reach a petrol station. The reserve is always a small quantity of the total supply.
Because in most cases the 'reserve' setting simply allows access to all the fuel, rather than a dedicated tank, the 'reserve' selection allows the rider to deplete the main fuel supply as well as the reserve. In theory this causes no harm, except that the fuel may run out without warning.
Because fuel tanks accumulate various substances that can cause problems if these are allowed to flow downstream in the fuel system, it is advisable to refill the tank before or soon after the level reaches the reserve outlet and not drain the tank completely. At the bottom of the tank, especially from old cars and motorcycles and those with metal tanks, there is always a small amount of water mixed with various solid materials, like sand or rust. These substances can block the fuel line or the tiny holes in the carburetor venturi or fuel injection system when allowed to flow down-stream towards the carburetors or fuel injection units and beyond. Too much water mixed in with the fuel can also hinder combustion or damage the combustion chamber due to the fact that water isn't combustible and cannot be compressed like the normal gaseous fuel-air mixture can.