Regional rail
Regional rail is a public rail transport service that operates between towns and cities. These trains operate with more stops than inter-city rail, and unlike commuter rail, operate beyond the limits of urban areas, connecting smaller cities and towns.
In North America, "regional rail" is often used as a synonym for "commuter rail", while in other places "commuter rail" refers to systems that primarily or only offer service during rush hour while "regional rail" refers to systems that offer all-day service. In Europe, regional trains have their own category, often abbreviated to R or L.
Characteristics
Regional rail provides services that link settlements to each other, unlike commuter rail which links locations within a singular urban area. Unlike inter-city services, regional trains stop at more stations and serve smaller communities. They may share routes with inter-city services, providing service to settlements that inter-city trains skip, or be the sole service on routes not busy enough to justify inter-city service.Regional rail services are much less likely to be profitable than inter-city, so they often require government funding. This is mainly because many passengers use monthly passes giving a lower price per ride, and that lower average speed gives less distance, meaning less ticket revenue per hour of operation. Subsidies are justified on social or environmental grounds, and also because regional rail services often act as feeders for more profitable inter-city lines.
There are also services that are something in between regional and inter-city, like the Oresundtrain with stopping pattern like a regional train and pass prices attracting work commuters.
List of regional rail in different countries
This list describes the terms used for regional rail in various countries, as described above.| Country | Railway company | Name | English translation and notes |
| Algeria | SNTF | Inter-villes / Réseau de lignes de banlieue | The "Inter-villes" autorail is the regional train in Algeria, and the "Réseau de lignes de banlieue" is the suburban train of the big Algerian cities such as Algiers, Oran, Constantine, and Annaba |
| Australia | Queensland Rail | Traveltrain | Operates long distance trains in Queensland out of Brisbane. |
| Australia | NSW TrainLink | Operates regional and intercity trains in NSW out of Sydney or from Newcastle. It also operates interstate rail services into Victoria and Queensland. | |
| Australia | Transwa | Operates regional rail services in Western Australia to Kalgoorlie and Bunbury from Perth. | |
| Australia | V/Line | Operates regional and intercity rail services in Victoria out of Melbourne. | |
| Austria | ÖBB | Regionalzug | "Regional train". Calls at every stop. 2nd class only. |
| Belgium | NMBS/SNCB | lokale trein/train local | "Local train" |
| Catalonia, Spain | Rodalies de Catalunya and FGC | Regional, Regional Exprés and Mitjana Distància | Until 2008, Regional Exprés was officially known as Catalunya Exprés. In 2024, FGC will take over the R12 line of Rodalies de Catalunya, where Renfe Operadora currently operates the trains. |
| China | China Railway | 市郊旅客列车 | "", not common. "" trains may be more frequent than Suburban Railways and are used for commuting. |
| Cuba | National Railway Company of Cuba | Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Cuba | "Regional train", not frequent and extremely unreliable. |
| Czech Republic | ČD | Osobní vlak, Spěšný vlak | "Passenger train", "Semi-fast train" |
| Denmark | DSB, Arriva | Regionaltog | "Regional train". This category is used for trains usually calling at every stop. |
| Finland | VR Group | Taajamajuna , Regionaltåg | "Conurbation train". Station announcements use "regional train". |
| France | SNCF / RATP | TER, Transilien | Transport Express Régional in most French regions, Transilien for Île-de-France |
| Germany | DB and others | Regionalbahn Regional-Express | "Regionalbahn": trains calling at every stop outside urban areas. "Regional-Express": semi-fast regional trains that stop at fewer stations than regular Regionalbahn services. |
| India | IR | Passenger train | "Passenger train" or simply as "Passenger". This category is used for trains stopping at every railway station along its route. |
| India | NCRTC | RapidX | Regional rapid transit systems that offer semi-high-speed connectivity within the regions. |
| Indonesia | KAI | Kereta Ekonomi Lokal | "Local Economy Train". This category is used for trains stopping at every railway station along their route to a major city within an operational area. Exceptionally, when operating in overlapping pattern with Jakarta commuter rail, the train only stops at certain stations. |
| Italy | Trenord | Treno regionale | "Regional train". This category is used for trains calling at every stop, or most stops. These trains are operated by Trenord, the regional train company for Lombardy. |
| Italy | Trenitalia | Treno regionale | "Regional train". This category is used for trains calling at every stop, or most stops. Previously, regional trains were named treni locali. |
| Japan | various | 地方鉄道 ローカル線 | "Regional train", "local line". Used to refer to lines outside major urban areas that are not trunk routes or Shinkansen. |
| Luxembourg | CFL | Regionalbunn, RegionalExpress | Regionalbunn is used for trains calling at nearly every stop, unlike the Regional Express |
| Netherlands | NS and others | Sprinter /Stoptrein | "Sprinter" or "Stopping train". Connects nearby cities, stops at all stations, the basic local train service. |
| New Zealand | Capital Connection & Wairarapa Connection, also Te Huia | Regional rail | Regional Train transport in the North Island, to be replaced by New Zealand BEMU class electric multiple unit in 2030; except for Te Huia. |
| Nigeria | Abuja Rail Mass Transit | Regional rail | Regional Train transport system in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. |
| North Korea | Korean State Railway | 조선민주주의인민공화국 철도성 | "Regional train". It is a slower, mostly electrified, regional, long-distance rail system. |
| Norway | Vy | Regiontog | "Regional train". In 2022 there was a terminology change. After this Regiontog are trains which stop at every stop, except inside large urban areas, where they skip stops and "Lokaltog" stop at every stop. Before 2022 this term Regiontog was used for medium- and long-distance trains. Long-distance trains have fairly frequent stops, since they are also used for regional travel and do not try to compete with air travel as the railways are winding and slow. |
| Poland | Polregio | Pociąg REGIO | "REGIO train" |
| Portugal | Comboios de Portugal | Comboio Regional | "Comboio Regional" Stops at the stations where a person has bought a ticket to the stop. Connects various towns and villages to big cities around the coast. |
| Romania | CFR | Regio | Shortened "Regional" |
| Serbia | Srbijavoz | Putnički voz | Short-, medium- and long-distance stopping trains that stop at all stations between two points. These trains are usually the slowest trains in Serbia, but are most commonly used because of their low price compared to Brzi voz and Inter Siti Srbija. Most Putnički voz trains consist of one ŽS 441/ŽS 444 locomotive and one to three coaches or ŽS 412 EMU. There are plans to replace ŽS 412s with new ŽS 413 sets. Now it is called Regio. |
| Spain | Renfe Operadora | Media Distancia | "Medium Distance". |
| Sweden | SJ and others | Regionaltåg | "Regional train". The public transport organisations organise both local and regional trains in Sweden, with similar tickets in both cases, with monthly pass prices competitive with car commuting. In some cases single ride tickets are sold mainly by the operator. SJ sells tickets to all regional trains, in parallel with the main operator. |
| Switzerland | SBB-CFF-FFS and others | Regionalzug Train régional Treno regionale | "Regional Train". Replaces the former terms Personenzug and train omnibus to have a more precise description and basically the same word in all three national languages. Starting in December 2004, the abbreviation Regio was introduced for all languages. Trains named Regio call at every stop. |
| Taiwan | Taiwan Railway Corporation | 區間車 | Local trains stop at every station on main lines; exclusive class on passenger branch lines. Trainsets include: EMU500, EMU600, EMU700, EMU800, EMU900 and. |
| Turkey | TCDD Taşımacılık | Bölgesel Tren | "Regional Train". Stops at all stations, the basic local train service. |
| United Kingdom | British Rail | Regional Railways | Train services outside London and South East which are not InterCity trains. |