List of apple cultivars

Over 7,500 cultivars of the culinary or eating apple are known. Some are extremely important economically as commercial products, though the vast majority are not suitable for mass production. In the following list, use for "eating" means that the fruit is consumed raw, rather than cooked. Cultivars used primarily for making cider are indicated. Those varieties marked have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
This list does not include the species and varieties of apples collectively known as crab apples, which are grown primarily for ornamental purposes, though they may be used to make jelly or compote. These are described under Malus.

Table of apples

B

Common name	Image	Origin	First developed	Comment	Use	Pick/Use period
Babovača		Montenegro		A green apple with red flush. Width, height, weight. Stalk very short. Flesh soft, sweet and sour.		Use October–April
Bailey.		Wyoming County, New York, US		Red apple with considerable white flecks. Has some russeting. Width, height. Stalk. Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, very sweet, very good.	Eating, cooking	Use October
Baker's Delicious		Wales	<1932	A yellow apple with orange-red flush. Width, height. Stalk short. Flesh; creamy white, firm, crisp, juicy, aromatic.	Eating	PickE late August–early September; use August–September
Baldwin		Massachusetts, US		Flesh yellowish white, crisp, sweet to subacid flavor, very good. Width, height. Stalk. Tree vigorous. Very old variety for North America. Makes much juice. Cold storage 0°C 150 days. TRI DBH 160.	Cooking, Eating	Pick50 October 14. PickE mid-October. Use November–March
Ballinora		England	<1898	Golden yellow with red flush. Width, height. AM from RHS in 1898.	Cooking, eating	Use December–January
Ball's Pippin		England	<1920	A green-yellow apple with red flush and russet. P Cox Orange x Sturmer Pippin. Flesh white, juicy, sweet, aromatic. Tree vigorous. AM from RHS in 1923.	Eating	PickE early to mid-October. Use January.
Ballyfatten		County Tyrone, Ireland		A large, round apple with firm, dry, sweet, slightly tart white flesh. Excellent keeper. Scab and canker resistant.	Cooking, eating	PickE late September. Use October–November.
Baltimore		US	<1860	Width, height. Stalk. Flesh whitish, juicy, subacid.	Eating	Use December–April
Bancroft		Ottawa, Ontario, Canada	Selected 1930. Introduced c.1935	Width 70 – 80 mm. height 55–68 mm. Stalk 15 mm. Parentage Forest x McIntosh. Flesh white, crisp, tender, juicy.	Eating	PickE mid-October. Use November - December.
Banks		Nova Scotia	1880	A red sport from Gravenstein	Eating, cooking, pie
Barcelona Pearmain		England	<1837	One of the best dessert apples. Cells roundish oblate, axile. The tree is a free grower, but does not attain the largest size.	Eating, cooking
Bardsey Island Apple		Bardsey Island, Wales	1998	A medium-sized eating apple with a unique lemon aroma. Sweet and juicy. Skin color red over gold. Very disease resistant. Single tree discovered on Bardsey island in 1998, age of original tree unknown. May have monastic origins.	Eating
Barkley Red Rome				Bud mutation of Rome Beauty.
Barnack Beauty		Barnack, Northamptonshire, England	, introduced	Medium-sized apple. Yellow, 25-75% flushed with orange red. AM from RHS in 1899. FCC from RHS in 1909. Width, height. Stalk. Flesh; creamy white, very firm, crisp, fine-textured, juicy, subcaid to sweet.	Eating	PickE late September–early October. Use December–March
Barnack Orange		England	1904	P Barnack Beauty x Cox Orange. Width, height. Stalk short. Flesh; creamy white, firm, coarse-textured, juicy, subacid, aromatic.	Eating	PickE late September–early October. Use November–February
Baronesa		Brazil	Introduced 1997	P Princesa x Fuji. Weight. Flesh sweet, crisp. Tree vigorous.	Eating
Bascombe Mystery		England	<1831	A late keeping green apple. Width 68 mm, height 56 mm. Stalk short. Flesh pale yellow, fine-textured, juicy, subacid.	Eating	PickE early October. Use November - March
Batul		Romania or Hungary		A green apple with red flush. Russet in stalk cavity. Width, height, weight. Tree vigorous. Flesh acidic with poor aroma.	Eating	PickE mid- to late October. Use December–April.
Baumanns Reinette		Belgium		Medium size. Skin brilliant crimson. Width, height. Weight. Stalk. Cells, oblate, axile, open. Flesh; crisp, subacid. First Class Certificate from RHS in 1878. Cold Storage 2°C 180 days. VitC 16. Density 0.83	Cooking, eating	PickE late September. PickG early October. Use December–March
Baxter's Pearmain		Norfolk, England	1821	A large dual purpose apple. Width, height. Stalk medium. Cells obovate, axile. The tree is hardy, vigorous, a most abundant bearer. Flesh; pale yellow, coarse-textured, dry, subacid.	Cooking, eating	PickE late September–early October; use November–March
Beach		Arkansas, US	<1898	A yellow apple with red overcolor, medium size. A late keeper. Stalk medium. Tree large, vigorous. Flesh: very firm, rather dry.	Eating	Pick late October.
Beacon		Minnesota, US	Introduced 1936	Lively, juicy flavor; good for baking. Does not keep very well. Parentage x	Cooking, eating	PickE early September. Use September–October.
Beauty of Bath		Bailbrook, Batheston, Somerset, England	Introduced 1864	Width, height. Stalk. Deep red flush and streaks of red with a little russet. Early maturing but short season. Formerly grown commercially in England for local markets. FCC from RHS in 1887. Good flavor in its home climate if it is eaten soon after picking. Poor flavour if distributed long distances and stored for weeks, so now rare. Flesh; creamy white, soft, very juicy, subacid. VitC 14.	Eating	PickE early August; use early August
Beauty of Bedford		Bedfordshire, England	<1913	Width, height. P Lady Sudely x Beauty of Bath. Greenish yellow with orange flush. Flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet.	Eating	PickE mid-September; use September–October
Beauty of Hants		Southampton, Hampshire, England		A yellow apple with orange-red flush. Width, height. Stalk variable. Flesh very crisp, yellowish juicy, highly aromatic. Triploid.	Eating	PickE late September–early October; use November–February
Beauty of Kent		Kent, England	introduced c.1820	Old culinary apple, very irregular, ribbed. Width, height. Cells, roundish obovate, abaxile. AM from RHS in 1901. Flesh yellowish, tender, subacid. TRI	Cooking	PickE late September; use December–March
Beauty of Stoke		Nottinghamshire, England	<1889	Width 70 mm, height 65 mm. Flesh yellowish, firm, dry, pleasant flavour. Tree vigorous. FCC from RHS in 1890.	Cooking, eating	PickE mid- to late October. Use January·March
Beauty of Wiltshire		?	<1800	Yellow with red flush. Width, height. Stalk. Flesh juicy, very acidic.	Cooking, eating	Use October–November
Bedfordshire Foundling		Bedfordshire, England		A yellow apple slightly flushed with red. An excellent culinary apple. Width, height. Cells obovate, abaxile. Stalk short. Flesh; creamy white, firm, juicy, subacid.	Cooking	PickE late September–early October; use December–March
Bedrika		Possibly Serbia		A green conical apple with red flush. Width, height. Weight. Flesh white, sweet, with pleasant aroma.	Eating
Beefsteak		Amesbury, Massachusetts, US	<1870	Stalk medium. Flesh white, tender, crisp, juicy, subacid. Very good.	Eating	Use October–November
Beeley Pippin		Derbyshire, England	Raised	A yellow apple flushed with red. Width, height. Stalk short. Flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, aromatic.	Eating	Pick late August; use September–October
Belle de Boskoop		Boskoop, Netherlands	1856	Width, height, weight. Stalk. Flesh acid and aromatic. Tree vigorous. Particularly attractive blossom. AM from RHS in 1897. VitC 10–17. Density 0.83 TRI	Cooking, baking	PickE early October. PickG mid-October. Pickg September 23–October 15. Use January–April
Belle de Builts		Builts, La Vienne, France	<1860	A yellow apple with red flush. Width, height. Stalk. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, aromatic, sweet.	Cooking, eating	Use January–April
Belle de Pontoise		France	1869, introduced 1879	Large flat-round apple. Greenish-yellow, 25–75% flushed with red. Biennial. Width, height. Stalk. Flesh white, sweet, juicy. Tree vigorous.	Cooking.	PickE mid-October; use November–March
Bellefleur Kitaika		Russia	1914	Width 100 mm, height 85 mm. Flesh, white, soft, sweet.		Use October - December
Belmont		Pennsylvania, US	<1870	Width, height. Stalk short to medium. Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, aromatic. Very good. Tree vigorous, healthy, very productive.	Eating	Use November–February
Ben Davis		Southeastern US		Width 77 mm, height 80mm. Noted for keeping well prior to refrigerated storage, but flavour has been compared with cork.	Eating	Use January - June.
Bennet		Herefordshire, England	<1870	A cider apple.	Cider
Benoni		Massachusetts, US	<1832	A small orange-yellow apple with red overcolour. Width, height. Stalk. Cells obovate, axile, closed. Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, good to very good. BB. DBH 110.	Eating	Pick50 August 23. PickE late August. Use August–September
Ben's Red		Cornwall, England		Medium to large apple. Slightly ribbed. Skin flushed and striped dark red. Flesh pale yellow, sweet, aromatic. P Devonshire Quarrenden Xbox Apple. Award of Merit from RHS in 1899.	Eating	PickE early September; use September.
Bentley Sweet		Virginia, US	<1850	Flesh sweet. Tree vigorous, productive, an early bearer.	Eating	Use April–September
Berlepsch	-	-	-	-	-	-
Berner Rosen		Zurich, Switzerland	1860	A red apple. Height, width. Weight. Stalk. Flesh; soft, juicy, subacid. Cold storage 4°C 120 days. VitC 11. Density 0.78	Eating	PickG late September–early October; use December–February
Bess Pool		Nottinghamshire, England	1824	Round-conical apple. Flesh firm but tender, white, sweet, rather dry. Trees are shy bearers at first. Width, height. Stalk. Cells ovate, axile, open or abaxile.	Eating	PickE early October; use November–February
Bethlemite		US	<1860	Width, height. Stalk. Flesh juicy, subacid, aromatic.	Eating	Use December–March
Beverly Hills		California, US	1939, Introduced 1945.	P Melba x Early McIntosh. Slightly tart flavor. Flesh white. Likes warm weather. MacIntosh style summer apple that is self fertile and well adapted to low chill conditions.	Eating
Biesterfelder Renette		Biesterfeld, Lippe, Germany	1850	A yellow apple striped with red. Width, height. Flesh white, crisp, juicy. Cold storage 2°C 120 days.	Eating	PickG mid-September. Use October–December
Bietigheimer		Germany	<1870	Fruit very large with russet. Width, height. Stalk. Tree large, vigorous. Flesh white, firm, coarse, srisp, juicy, subacid, fair to good.		Use September–October
Birgit Bonnier		Sweden	1992	A cross between Cortland (apple) and Lord Lambourne.
Bismarck		Victoria, Australia	1870	Large fruit with a yellow-green with red overcolour. Flesh crisp, juicy, subacid, fair to good. FCC from RHS in 1887. Width, height. Stalk.	Cooking, juice.	PickE late September. Use November–February
Bittenfelder		Baden-Württemberg, Germany	<1940	Flesh; white, crisp, juicy, subacid.	Cider, juice	PickG late October. Use November–April.
Black Annette		US	<1820	Flesh white, tender, good.	Eating	Use November–December
Black Apple		US	<1820	Flesh white, good.	Eating	Use November–February
Black Ben Davis		Arkansas, US	c. 1800	A red mutation of Ben Davis.	Eating	Use January - April.
Black Gilliflower		US	<1800	Width, height. Stalk. Flesh white, dry, subacid, good. Tree very productive.	Eating	Use November–March
Blackjon		Washington, US	Introduced 1931	Mutation of Jonathan. Cold storage 3-4°C 120 days.	Eating
Blackmack		British Columbia, Canada	Introduced 1930	Mutation of Red McIntosh.	Eating
Black Oxford		Maine, US	<1870	Flesh white, dry, subacid, good. Tree a great bearer.	Eating	Use March–May
Black Sweet		US	<1820	Width, height. Stalk. Flesh yellow, dry, very sweet. Quality inferior.	Baking, cider	Use December–March
Blairmont		Georgia, US	Cross made 1961	A round to conical apple with 90% red overcolor. Moderately resistant to scab, fire blight, powdery mildew and black rot. DBH 112. Flesh: cream, juicy, subacid.	Eating
Blauacher Wädenswil		Bern, Switzerland		Width. Height. Flesh; greenish-white, juicy, subacid.	Cider, juice	PickG late September. Use October.
Bledsoe		Kentucky, US	<1855	A large apple. Stalk short. Flesh crisp, juicy, subacid, good.	Eating	Use September–April
Blenheim Orange, Pennsylvania		England	Discovered, introduced	Has greenish-yellow to orange skin streaked with red. Width, height, weight. Stalk. Cells open, obovate, axile. Flesh; aromatic, juicy. Distinctive nutty flavor excellent for cooking. The vigorous tree is slow to come into crop but then produces heavily. Parentage Golden Reinette x unknown. Cold storage 4°C 120 days. TRI VitC 13. Density 0.76	Cooking, eating	PickE late September. PickG early October. Use November–January.
Bloody Ploughman		Carse of Gowrie, Scotland		A medium-sized, very dark red, heavily ribbed apple. Flesh white sometimes pink-streaked, crisp, juicy, mildly sweet. It is reputed to have got its name after a gamekeeper shot dead a ploughman caught stealing apples from the Megginch Estate. When his body was returned to his wife, she found stolen apples in his pockets and threw them onto a rubbish heap. One of the resulting seedlings bore apples of a deep, blood red. This tree gave rise to the cultivar that was named after the unfortunate ploughman.	Eating	PickE mid-September. Use September - November.
Blue Pearmain		US		A yellow apple with dark red stripes. Width. Height. Steam short and stout. FCC from RHS in 1896. Flesh aromatic, spicy, subacid, very good.	Cooking, cider, eating	PickE early October; use November–December.
Blutapfel		?	<1820	A yellow apple with red overcolor. Width 49–60 mm, height 45–54 mm. Stalk 6 mm. Flesh yellow tinted with red, juicy subacid.	Eating, Cooking	Pick October. Use December - May.
Bodil Neergaard		Denmark	1855	A green oblong conical apple. Width, height. Stalk. Flesh; white, juicy, spicy.	Eating, cooking	Pick October; use Januar–March
Böhmer		Tyrol	<1857	Green with red flush. Width, height. Stalk.	Eating	Use December–March
Böhmischer Rosenapfel		Bohemia, Germany	<1800	A large apple. Width, height. Stalk. Flesh juicy, sweet.	Eating, cooking	Use August–September
Bohnapfel		Germany	<1800	Width, height, weight. Stalk. Flesh; acid, crisp, juicy. Cold storage 2°C 210 days. Density 0.80 TRI	Cooking, cider	PickG late October–early November; use March–May
Boiken		Bremen, Germany	1828	Culinary apple. Width, height. Weight. Stalk. Flesh white, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid to acid, good. Cold storage 0°C 150 days. VitC 10. Density 0.85	Cooking, drying, juice	PickE mid-October. PickG mid–late October; use February–May
Bonum		US	1828	Width, height. Stalk. Flesh white, firm, tender, aromatic, juicy, mild subacid, very good.	Eating	Use September–December
Borgovskoje		Russia	<1860	A sweet yellow apple.	Eating	Pick late August
Borovitsky	-	-	-	-	-	-
Borsdorfer see Edelborsdorfer	-	-	-	-	-	-
Börtlinger Weinapfel		Baden-Württemberg, Germany	1827	Flesh; greenish-white, juicy, acid. Tree vigorous.	Cider, juice	PickG mid-October. Use October–November.
Bottle Greening		Green Mountains, US	<1850	Produces large fruit. Has thick skin. Flesh white, subacid.	Eating, cider	Use January–February
Bough
Bountiful		Kent, England		Width, height. Stalk. A yellow apple flushed with red. Flesh, fairly juicy, fairly tender.	Cooking, Eating	Pick late September; use September–January
Bow Hill Pippin		Bow Hill, Kent, England	introduced 1893	Golden yellow with slight flush. Width, height. AM from RHS in 1893. Flesh yellow, firm, juicy, good.	Eating	Use November–February
Brabant Bellefleur		France?	<1830	A yellow apple with red flush and stripes. Width 71 mm, height 67 mm. Stalk 10mm. Cells closed, elliptical. AM from RHS in 1901. Flesh crisp, yellow, acid, aromatic.	Cooking	Use December–April
Braddick Nonpareil		England	<1828	A medium-sized roundish apple. Width 66 mm, height 55 mm. Stalk short. Cells, ovate, axile. Flesh yellowish, subacid, aromatic. More sweet and tender than the Old Nonpareil.	Eating	PickE mid October. Use November - April.
Braeburn		New Zealand	introduced 1952	Width 76 mm, height 69 mm. Chance seedling. Flesh pale cream, firm, crisp, juicy. Red overcolor 69%. Ripens 19 days after Golden Delicious. Not susceptible to bitter-pit. The fruit is widely sold commercially in the United Kingdom. Cold Storage 1°C 180 days. SS 13.8 - 14.7 TA 0.53 - 0.86.	Eating	Pick 45 October 16. Pick55 October 5. Pick at the end of late May in New Zealand.
Bramley		Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom	1809	Most widely sold cooking apple in the United Kingdom. Triploid. Width, height. Stalk. Cells round, axile, open. Large sized fruits with waxy skin, green with a red flush, which must be peeled before use. A favorite ingredient in many traditional British puddings. TRI	Cooking, juice, cider.	PickE mid-October. Use November–February.
Brasil		Brazil	1940s	Fruit large, resembles Delicious. Tree vigorous.	Eating
Brauner Matapfel		Germany	<1800	A yellow apple with redbrown flush. Width, height. Stalk. Flesh whitish-yellow, sweet, subacid. Quality cooking good, eating fair.	Cooking	Pick mid-October; use December–May
Bravo de Esmolfe		Esmolfe, Penacova, Portugal	18th century	A small, juicy and sweet apple, considered one of the best Portuguese apples	Eating
Breakey		Manitoba, Canada	Introduced 1935	Fruit medium size, red and scarlet. Flesh white, melting, juicy, spicy.	Cooking, eating	Use September–November
Breda Reinette		Netherlands	<1760	Width, height. Stalk. Flesh yellowish, juicy, aromatic.	Cooking, eating	Use December–March
Breedon Pippin		England	1801	Sweet flavor. Originally raised by a parson in Berkshire. Rare.	Eating
Brettacher		Brettach, Württemberg, Germany		A yellow apple striped with red. Width, height. Flesh white, juicy.	Eating	PickG mid–late October. Pickg October 15–30. Use December–May.
Breuhahn		Geisenheim, Germany	1895 Introduced 1934	Width, height, weight. Stalk. Flesh: yellowish white, juicy, subacid. Cold storage 1°C 180 days. VitC 8–14. Density 0.74	Cooking, eating	PickG late September–early October; use October–April
Briar Sweet
Brina		Italy	1998	Resistant to scab. Spreading habit with intermediate vigor; full flowering season is medium-late, production is heavy, fruit is medium or medium-large, with smooth skin; white lenticels, no russet, excellent taste characteristics. Ripens first week of October.	Eating
Britegold		Ontario, Canada	Introduced 1980	A bright yellow apple. Flesh cream-colored, tender, juicy. Biennial tendency. Resistant to apple scab.	Eating, pie
Broad Eyed Pippin		England	<1700	A yellow apple with some light brown flush. Width, height. Stalk short. Cells obovate, axile, open. Flesh white, acid.	Cooking, cider.	PickE late September; use November–January
Brownlee's Russet		Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England		Green with red flush, covered with russet. Width, height. Stalk. Cells pointed ovate, axile, open. Flesh greenish white, juicy, acid, nutty flavour.	Eating	PickE mid-October; use December–March
Buckingham		US, probably southern states	<1817	Width, height. Stalk. Flesh coarse, juicy, subacid, fair to good.	Eating	Use November–February
Buff		US	<1830	Very large. Stalk. Flesh, white, tender.	Eating	Use November–March
Bullock		New Jersey, US	<1805	Width, height. Stalk. Flesh firm, crisp, tender, juicy, aromatic, subacid, very good to best. Tree not large.	Eating	Use October–January
Buncombe		US	<1860	A medium to large sized yellow conical apple striped with red. Flesh yellow, juicy, mild subacid, good.	Eating, Cooking	Use December - January
Burchardt's Reinette		Nikita, Crimea	<1860	A roundish-oblate apple. Width 65 mm, height 48 mm. Cells roundish obovate, axile. Flesh white, tender, crisp, juicy.	Eating.	PickE early October. Use November - December.
Bushey Grove		Hertfordshire, England	1897	A greenish-yellow apple with red flush. P Alexande x Dumelow. AM from RHS in 1922. Width, height. Stalk short. Flesh white, juicy, acid.	Cooking, pie	PickE late August–early September; use October–December
Byfleet Seedling		Surrey, England	1915	Large cooking apple; width, height.	Cooking	PickE early October. Use October–February.
Byford Wonder		Herefordshire, England	<1893	Yellow with russet dots. Very large. Tree very vigorous. AM from RHS in 1893.	Cooking	PickE early October. Use November–December.

J

R

Cider apples

s are a variety of apples that may be far too sour or bitter for fresh eating, but are used for making cider. Varieties in are used for both cider and eating purposes.

Abbreviations	Full form	Abbreviations	Full form
s	Susceptible	r	Resistant
AS	Apple scab	AC	Apple canker
BI	Bacterial infections	PM	Powdery mildew
TRI	Triploid	-	-

Common name	Origin	First developed	Type	Juice titratable acidity % weight/volume	Juice specific gravity or ^oBrix grams/liter	Tannin %	Days from full bloom to maturity	Disease susceptibility
Amanda	Somerset, England	2007	Bittersweet	0.22	1054	0.23	137
Amere de Berthcourt	France		Bittersweet	0.20	1049	0.34	145
Amere Forestier	France		Sweet	0.20	1046	0.34	153
Angela	Somerset, England	2007	Bittersharp	0.62	1049	0.19	135
Antoinette	France		Bittersweet	0.25	1050	0.27		sAS
Arbeya	Spain		Sharp	0.57		0.16
Arbeya Montés	Spain		Sharp	0.71		0.15
Armagnac	France		Sharp	0.81	1065	0.17
	Gloucestershire, England						134
Ashton Bitter	Somerset, England	1947	Bittersweet
Ashton Brown Jersey	Somerset, England	1903	Bittersweet	0.14	1054	0.34	194
Avrolles	France		Sharp	1.20	1055	0.09
Backwell red	Somerset England	Old	Sharp	0.70	1051	0.13	172
	Wilmington, Massachusetts, US		Sharp	0.74	15.3	0.059
Ball's Bittersweet	Herefordshire, England	1927	Bittersweet	0.28		0.28
Bedan	France		Bittersweet	0.15	1056, 1051	0.23	184 136	sAS
	Netherlands	1856	Bittersharp	1
Belle Fille de la Manche	France		Sweet					sAS, TRI
Betty	Somerset, England	2007	Sharp	0.90	1050	0.11	125
Bickington Grey	Devonshire		Sharp
Binet Blanc	France		Bittersweet	0.18	1060	0.25
Binet Rouge	France		Bittersweet	0.18	1063	0.24		sPM
Binet Violet	France		Bittersweet	0.17	1050	0.26
Bisquet	France		Bittersweet	0.21	1045	0.21
Bittenfelder	Germany	1930s	Bittersharp	1.00	1070
Black Crofton	Australia		Sweet	0.40	10.8	0.037	-	-
Black Dabinett	Somerset, England		Bittersweet
Black Vallis	Somerset, England		TRI
Blanchet	France		Sharp	0.48	1050	0.13
Blanc Mollet	France		Bittersweet	0.15	1046	0.20	114
Blanc Sur	France		Sharp	0.67	1055	0.12
Blanquina	Spain		Sharp	0.63		0.09
Bohnapfel	Germany	<1800	Bittersharp	0.55	1050
Bran Rose	Herefordshire	<1880	Sharp
Bouteville	France		Sweet	0.16	1052	0.14	126
	Nottinghamshire, England	1809	Sharp	0.94	1050	0.12	121
Bramtot	England		Bittersweet	0.32	1057	0.50	128
Breakwell's Seedling	Wales	1890	Bittersharp	0.64	1042, 1041	0.23	150, 113, 110
Broad-Leaved Hereford	England		Bittersweet
Browns Apple	Devon	1920s	Sharp	0.67			191, 92
Brown Snout	Herefordshire, England		Bittersweet	0.24	1053, 1051	0.24	176, 145, 149
Brown Thorn			Bittersweet	0.20	1048	0.16	142
Broxwood Foxwhelp	England	1920	Bittersharp	1.91		0.22
Bulmer's Norman	France	<1890	Bittersweet TRI	0.24	1053, 1046	0.27	165, 97, 127
Burrowhill Early	Somerset, England		Bittersweet
Buttery d'Or	Dorset, England		Sharp
Börtlinger Weinapfel	Germany	1827	Bittersharp
Cadbury	Somerset, England		Sweet
Calabaza	Spain		Sharp	0.77		0.14
Campfield	New Jersey, US	<1817	Sweet	0.23	1055	0.17	172
Campillo	Spain		Sharp	0.52		0.11
Cap of Liberty	Somerset, England		Bittersharp	0.82	1052, 1047	0.21	155
Captain Broad	Cornwall, England		Bittersweet TRI
Cartigny	France		Bittersweet	0.21	1051	0.22
Casado	Spain		Sharp	0.98		0.19
Cazo Jaune	France		Bittersharp	1.31	1054	0.33
Chaperonnais	France		Bittersweet
Charlepitré	France		Sweet
Cherry Norman	Herefordshire	<1880	Bittersweet
Cherry Pearmain	Herefordshire		Sharp
Chestnut	Minnesota, US	1946	Bittersharp	0.51	14.9		-	-
Chevalier Jaune	France		Bittersweet	0.22	1053	0.38
Chisel Jersey	Somerset, England	<1900	Bittersweet	0.22	1059, 1056	0.40	194, 163
C'Huero Briz	France		Bittersweet	0.21	1056	0.47
Cider Ladies Finger	Somerset, England		Sharp	0.59	1052
Cidor	France		Bittersweet	0.17	1055	0.40		sAS
Cimitiere	France		Bittersweet	0.13	1039	0.23	133
Clara	Spain		Sweet	0.21		0.19
Clos Renaux	France		Bittersweet	0.25	1052	0.22
Clozette Douce	France		Bittersweet	0.22	1054	0.23
Coat Jersey	Somerset, England		Bittersweet
Coleman's Seedling	Devonshire		Sharp
Collaos	Spain		Sharp	0.62		0.11
Collington Big Bitters			Bittersweet TRI	0.21		0.21
Coloradona	Spain		Sweet	0.15		0.13
Corset Hill	Gloucestershire, England		Sharp
	France	1613	Sharp	0.81	1048	0.11	145
Court Royal	England		Sweet TRI	0.21	1050	0.11	195
	England	1829					121
	New Jersey, US	1971					138
Crimson King	Somerset, England	<1900	Sharp TRI	0.6	1044	0.13	195
Cristalina	Spain		Sharp	0.46		0.066
Crow Egg	Massachusetts, US	1832	Sweet	0.31	11.4	0.044	-	-
Cul Plat	France		Bittersweet
Cummy Norman	Radnorshire, Wales	<1876	Bittersweet
Dabinett	Somerset, England	Late 19th century	Bittersweet	0.18	1057, 1055	0.29	180, 131, 148
Debbie	Somerset, England	2007	Sharp	0.9	1050	0.08	110
De La Riega	Spain		Sharp	0.58		0.11
Democrat			Sweet	0.37	10.6	0.044	-	-
Diot Roux	France		Sharp	0.98	1052	0.18
Dolores	Spain		Sharp	0.54		0.07
Domaines	France		Bittersweet	0.21	1067, 1050	0.26	153
Douce Coetligné	France		Sweet	0.19	1051	0.18		sPM, sBI
Douce Moen	France		Bittersweet	0.21	1061	0.24		sAS, sPM, sAC, sBI
Doux au Gober	France		Sweet
Doux Eveque Jaune	France		Sweet	0.16	1052	0.20
Doux Joseph	France		Bittersweet	0.21	1058	0.36
Doux Lozon	France		Bittersweet	0.14	1053	0.21
Doux Normandie	France		Sweet	0.16	1065, 1047	0.14	147
Doux Veret de Carrouges	France		Sweet
Dove	Somerset, England	<1899	Bittersweet	0.22	1049	0.31	168
Dufflin	Devonshire		Sweet
Dunkerton's Late Sweet	Somerset, England		Sweet
Durón Arroes	Spain		Sharp	0.52		0.12
Durón Encarnado	Spain		Sharp	0.75		0.10
Durona Tresali	Spain		Sharp	0.77		0.14
Dymock Red	Gloucestershire, England	<1800	Bittersharp		1052	0.22	149
Early Bird			Bittersweet	0.21	1052	0.55
Eggleton Styre	Herefordshire, England	1847	Sweet
Ellis Bitter	Newton St. Cyres, Devon, England		Bittersweet	0.20	1053	0.24	157
Engelsberger	Germany
Fair Maid of Taunton	Somerset		Sharp
	Illinois, US	1993	Sharp	0.63			172
	New York, US						154
Filbarrel	Somerset, England		Bittersweet	0.22	1045	0.19	180, 160
Finkenwerder Herbstprinz	Germany	1860	Sharp	0.98	1055	0.07	127
Fiona	Somerset, England	2007	Sharp	0.69	1049	0.15	125
Four Square	England		Sharp TRI
Foxwhelp	Gloucestershire, England		Sharp	0.69	1048	0.17	152
Frederick	Monmoutshire, Wales	1800s	Sharp	1.02	1048	0.09	190
Fréquin Audievre							168
Fréquin Rouge	France		Bittersweet	0.24	1065, 1047	0.51	148, 148	sAS, sAC
Fresnosa	Spain		Sharp	0.67		0.11
Fuentes	Spain		Sharp	0.75		0.11
Gehrers Rambour	Germany	1885	Bittersharp
Gennet Moyele	England	1600s	Bittersharp	>1.2	1052
Gesnot	France		Sharp	0.65	1049	0.11
Gilly	Somerset, England	2007	Bittersharp	0.54	1053	0.18	125
Golden Ball	Devonshire		Sharp
	New York, US	<1850	Sharp	0.66	1061	0.10	161, 167
Golden Spire	England	1850
	Indiana, US	1993					173
Granniwinkle	US		Sweet	0.30	1045	0.08	128
	Denmark/US		Sharp	0.56	1052	0.07	126
Great Britain	Devonshire		Sharp
Green Bittersweet	Devonshire		Bittersweet
	West Virginia, US	1804	Sharp	0.61	1052	0.07	149, 173
Grindstone			Sharp	0.58	1061	0.10	178
Guillevic	France		Sharp	0.58	1059	0.135
Hagloe Crab	Gloucestershire, England	<1880	Sharp
Hangdown	Somerset or Devonshire, England		Bittersweet	0.20	1056	0.28	161
Harrison	New Jersey, US	1770	Sharp	0.64	1061	0.10	146
Harry Masters Jersey	Somerset, England	<1900	Bittersweet	0.20	1056, 1051	0.32	172, 146
Hastings	Somerset, England	2007	Bittersweet	0.13	1057	0.29	120
Hauxapfel	Germany	1920	Bittersharp
Helen's Apple	Somerset, England	2007	Bittersweet	0.10	1050	0.29	142
Hereford Broadleaf	Herefordshire, England		TRI
Honeystring	Somerset		Sweet
Idared			Sweet	0.41	12.4	0.041	-	-
Improved Dove	England	Early 1900s	Bittersweet
Improved Lambrook Pippin	Somerset, England	<1960	Sharp
Improved Redstreak	England	<1940	Bittersharp
Jane	Somerset, England	2007	Bittersweet	0.19	1052	0.33	118
Jaune de Vitré	France		Sharp	0.88	1060
Jeanne Renard	France		Bittersweet	0.17	1065	0.42		rBI
Joanna	Somerset, England		Bittersweet	0.11	1045	0.22	128
Jonathan			Sharp	0.58	13.0	0.046	-	-
Jouveaux	France		Bittersweet	0.30	1052	0.16	149
Judaine	France		Sharp	0.67	1053	0.075		sAS
Judeline	France		Sharp	0.50	1050	0.07		sAS
Judin	France		Sharp	0.66	1060	0.09
Judor	France		Sharp	0.67	1052	0.07		sAC
Juliana	France		Sharp	1.03	1061	0.18
Jurella	France		Sharp	0.85	1053	0.06		sAS
Kaiser Wilhelm	Germany	1864	Bittersharp	0.63	1055
Kardinal Bea	Germany
Kermerrien	France		Bittersweet	0.15	1062, 1050	0.43	142
Kingston Bitter							168
Kingston Black	Near Taunton, Somerset, England	Late 19th century	Bittersharp	0.58	1061, 1055	0.19	182, 112, 141
Knotted Kernel	Somerset, England	<1842	Bittersweet	0.24	1059	0.34	188
Lagar	Spain		Bittersharp	0.60		0.22
Lambrook Pippin	Somerset, England		Sharp	0.58	1054	0.24	160
Langworthy	England		Sharp
Lavignée			Bittersweet	0.21	1049	0.27	182
Le Bret	Possibly England		Sweet
Limón Montés	Spain		Sharp	0.81		0.12
Lin	Spain		Bittersharp	0.71		0.24
Lizzy	Somerset, England	2007	Bittersweet	0.17	1047	0.20	128
Locart Vert	France		Sharp					sPM
	England	1580	Sweet	0.38	1047	0.11
Lorna Doone	Somerset		Sharp
Loroñe	Spain		Sharp	0.61		0.19
Loroñesa	Spain		Sharp	0.55		0.16
Maggie	Somerset, England	2007	Sharp	0.58	1052	0.14	125
Major	England		Bittersweet	0.18	1054, 1051	0.41	150, 117
Marialena	Spain
		<1800	Sharp	0.57	1049	0.07	152
Marie Ménard	France		Bittersweet	0.22	1061, 1057	0.48	143
Mariñana	Spain		Sharp	0.60		0.11
Marin Onfroy	France		Bittersweet	0.17	1059, 1053	0.325	134
Maud	France		Sharp	0.49	1050	0.07	130
Maundy	England		Bittersweet
Meana	Spain		Sharp	0.66		0.19
Médaille D'Or	France	<1850	Bittersweet	0.27	1059, 1059	0.64	177, 128, 139
Meriennet	France		Bittersweet
Merton Russet			Sharp	0.82	13.6	0.034	-	-
Mettais	France		Bittersweet	0.17	1063, 1056	0.38	138
Merton Russet	Surrey, England	1921	Sharp	0.82
Michelin	France	1872	Bittersweet	0.25	1050, 1048	0.23	172, 115, 153
Miyares	Spain		Sharp	0.48		0.15
Mollies Delicious			Sweet	0.15	10.7		-	-
Montoto	Spain		Sharp	0.57		0.155
Morgan Sweet	Somerset, England		Sweet TRI	0.22	1049	0.13	125
Mott Pink	France		Sharp	0.76	1043	0.05	129
Moulin á Vent	France		Bittersweet	0.26	1061	0.27
Muscadet de Dieppe	France		Bittersweet TRI	0.21	1055, 1057	0.25	114, 127
Muscat de Bernay	France		Bittersweet	0.28	1050	0.19	161
Naomi	Somerset, England	2007	Sweet	0.28	1041	0.17	135
Nehou	France	<1920	Bittersweet	0.17	1057, 1056	0.60	150, 151
Neverblight	Somerset		Sharp
Newtown Pippin se also Yellow Newtown	Queens County, New York, US
No Prieta Antigua	Spain		Sweet	0.10		0.086
Northern Spy			Sharp	0.70	13.2	0.048	-	-
Northwood	Devon, England		Sweet	0.27	1049	0.17	182
Norton Bitter	Somerset		Sharp
Obdulina	Spain		Sweet	0.37		0.155
Omont	France		Bittersweet TRI	0.19	1063	0.22
Orange Pippin	France or UK	<1800
Osier	England		Bittersweet
Paignton Marigold	Devon England	<1834	Bittersweet
Panquerina	Spain		Sharp	0.55		0.12
Paraguas	Spain		Sweet	0.31		0.09
Parda Blanquera	Spain		Sharp-bittersharp	0.71		0.20
Parda Carreño	Spain		Sharp	0.57		0.10
Pardona	Spain		Sharp	0.93		0.12
Peau de Chien	France		Bittersweet	0.22	1065	0.30		sBI
Peau de Vache	France		Sweet	0.26	1048	0.14	140
Pennard Bitter	Somerset, England	<1900	Bittersweet
Pepa	Spain		Sweet	0.21		0.10
Perezosa	Spain		Sharp	0.55		0.075
Perico	Spain		Sharp	0.59		0.12
Pethyre	Monmoutshire, Wales	1920s	Bittersweet
Petit Amer	France		Bittersweet	0.20	1055	0.44
Petit Jaune	France		Sharp	0.74	1055	0.12		sAS, rBI
Pomme de Bouet	France		Sharp
Ponsford	Devonshire	<1880	Sharp
Porters Perfection	Somerset, England	<1900	Bittersharp	0.82	1054, 1054	0.25	199, 141, 147
Pound	Devonshire		Sweet
Poveshon	Essex County, New Jersey, US	18th century
Prieta	Spain		Sharp	0.58		0.10
Prince William	England	2007	Bittersweet	0.15	1057	0.25
Puget Spice			Bittersharp	0.96	1057	0.13	173
Queen Cox			Sharp	0.59	12.5	0.043	-	-
Queue Torte	France		Sweet
Rambault	France		Sharp	0.64	1061	0.14
Rawlings	Devonshire		Sweet
Raxao	Spain		Sharp	0.78		0.08
Red Jersey	Somerset, England	1895	Bittersweet	0.63	1052	0.48	143
Red Norman	Herefordshire	<1880	Bittersweet
Red Spitzenberg			sharp	0.77	16.0	0.052	-	-
Red Stayman Winesap			Sharp	0.51	15.1	0.060	-	-
Redstreak	Herefordshire, England		Sharp	0.95	1048	0.09	121
Red Worthy	Somerset		Bittersweet
Regona	Spain		Sharp	1.07		0.145
Reine des Hatives	Normandy, France	1872	Bittersweet	0.24	1044	0.27	143
Reine des Pommes	France		Bittersweet	0.41	1063	0.52	184, 149
Reineta Encarnada	Spain		Sharp	0.55		0.11
Reinette Obry							167
Reinette Russet	France	1979		1.0
Rénao	France		Sharp
René Martin	France		Sharp	0.76	1053	0.14
Repinaldo Gozón	Spain		Sweet	0.32		0.08
Repinaldo Hueso	Spain		Sharp	0.61		0.13
	England	1708	Sharp	0.67	1060	0.11	142
Rosemary Russet			Sharp	0.86	1055	0.07	152
	England		Sharp	0.68	1059	0.15	154
Rouge Duret	France		Sweet	0.17	1049	0.16
Rousse de la Sarthe	France		Sweet	0.17	1056	0.16
Roxbury Russet	Massachusetts, US		Sharp	0.61–0.80	1061	0.08–0.11	143
Royal Jersey	Somerset, England		Bittersweet	0.19	1048	0.36	126
Royal Somerset	Somerset		Sharp
Royal Wilding	Herefordshire, England		Bittersweet	0.23	1053	0.24
Russet King			Sharp	0.71	1053	0.05	153
Saint Martin	France		Bittersweet	0.20	1055	0.23
Sebin Blanc	France		Sharp	0.54	1051	0.14
Severn Bank	England		Sharp
Sherrington Norman			Bittersharp	0.27	1051	0.33	167
Sibirian Bittersweet	England
Sibirian Harvey	England	1807
Silver Cup	Somerset		Bittersweet
Slack-ma-Girdle	Devon, England	18th century	Sweet	0.27	1052	0.14
Smith's Cider			Sharp	0.55	1050	0.08	152
Solarina	Spain		Sharp	0.55		0.16
Somerset Redstreak	Somerset, England	<1917	Bittersweet	0.19	1050	0.35	148
Sops in Wine	England	1600s	Sweet
Spicey Pippin	Devonshire		Sharp
Stable Jersey	Somerset, England		Bittersweet
Stead's Kernel	Herefordshire, England	<1875
Stembridge Cluster	Somerset, England		Bittersharp
Stembridge Jersey	Somerset, England		Bittersweet	0.37	1047	0.27	137
Stoke Red	Rodney Stoke, Somerset, England	<1920	Bittersharp	0.64	1052, 1045	0.31	191, 102, 134
Strawberry Norman	Herefordshire, England	<1900	Bittersweet	0.32	1053	0.36		TRI
Styre	Forest of Dean, England	Before 1600
Sugar Loaf	Devonshire		Sweet
Sugar Sweet	Devonshire		Sweet
Sweet Alford	Devon, England		Sweet	0.22	1052, 1049	0.15	174, 144, 156
Sweet Bramley	Devonshire		Sweet
Sweet Coopin	Devon, England	<1800	Sweet	0.20	1052	0.14	178
Tale Sweet	Devonshire, England		Sweet
Taliaferro			Sharp	0.77	1047	0.09	147
Tan Harvey	Cornwall, England		Bittersweet
Tardive de la Sarthe	France		Bittersweet	0.20	1059	0.37
Tardive Forestiere	France	<1900	Bittersweet				183
Taylor's Sweet	Somerset, England	<1900	Sweet-bittersweet	0.20	1051	0.14	128
Teórica	Spain		Sharp	0.80		0.08
Tesniére	Franc		Sharp	0.56	1055	0.16
Three Counties	Somerset, England	2007	Bittersweet	0.20	1056	0.30	137
Tina	Somerset, England	2007	Bittersweet	0.18	1055	0.25	125
	US	1822					136
Tom Putt	England		Sharp	0.65	1052, 1044	0.13	120	TRI
Track Zero			Sweet	0.18	1053	0.10	160
Tramlett's Geneva			Sharp	1.01	1044	0.17	148
Tremlett's Bitter	Exe Valley, England		Bittersweet	0.27	1052	0.34	174
Twistbody Jersey	England		Sweet	0.12	10.0	0.058	-	-
	England	1949					152
Upright French	Dorset, England		Bittersweet
Vagon Archer	England		Bittersweet
Verdialona	Spain		Sweet	0.34		0.09
Vicky	Somerset, England	2007	Sweet	0.15	1050	0.14	125
Vilberie	France	<1900	Bittersweet TRI	0.27	1044	0.41	169, 148
Virginia Crab			Bittersharp	0.91	1060	0.19	134
Wagener			Sharp	0.47	11.0	0.038	-	-
Weisser Trier Weinapfel	Possibly Germany	<1890	Bittersharp	0.84
Welschisner	Germany or Austria
Whidbey			Sharp	0.69	1049	0.12	134
Whimple Queen	Devonshire		Sweet
Whimple Wonder	Devonshire		Sweet
White Close Pippin	Somerset or Devonshire, England		Bittersweet
White Jersey	Somerset, England	1895	Bittersweet	0.29	1051	0.26
White Norman	Herefordshire, England	<1900	Bittersweet	0.20	1056	0.32	155
Winesap	US		Bittersharp	0.51	12.7	0.054
	Indiana, US	1876	Sweet	0.41	12.9	0.076
Winterrambour	Germany	1864	Bittersweet	0.36
Woodbine 1	Somerset, England		Sweet	0.29	1052	0.15
Woodbine 2
Woodcock	Gloucestershire, England
Xuanina	Spain		Sharp	0.75		0.10
Yarlington Mill	Somerset, England	1898	Bittersweet	0.22	1052, 1048	0.32	183, 139, 136
Yellow Elliot	England	<1700
Yellow Newtown			Sharp	0.56	11.0	0.040	-	-
Yeovil Sour	Yeovil, Somerset, England		Bittersharp	0.55	1052	0.15
	Germany	1875	Sharp	0.79	1057	0.12	146

Rootstock cultivars

Selection of rootstock cultivars can be difficult: vigorous roots tend to give trees that are healthy but grow too tall to be harvested easily without careful pruning, while dwarfing rootstocks result in small trees that are easy to harvest from, but are often shorter-lived and sometimes less healthy. Most modern commercial orchards use one of the "Malling series", introduced or developed by the East Malling Research Station from the early 20th century onward. However, a great deal of work has been done recently introducing new rootstocks in Poland, the U.S., and other nations. The Polish rootstocks are often used where cold hardiness is needed. The Geneva series of rootstocks has been developed to resist important diseases such as fireblight and collar rot, as well as for high fruit productivity.