Reading Power Station (UK)

Reading power station, Berkshire, England supplied electricity to the town of Reading and the surrounding area from 1895 to the 1960s. It was initially owned and operated by the Reading Electric Supply Company Limited, then from 1933 by the Reading Corporation until the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The power station was redeveloped several times with new equipment replacing retired plant. The station was decommissioned in the late 1960s.

History

In 1893 the Reading Electric Supply Company Limited applied for a provisional order under the Electric Lighting Acts to generate and supply electricity to the town. The ' was granted by the Board of Trade and was confirmed by Parliament through the '. The company built a power station in Vastern Road Reading and supplied electricity from November 1895. The riverside location facilitated the supply of coal by barge, and provided cooling water for the power station.
In 1910 the Reading Electric Supply Company obtained the ' which permitted it to extend its area of supply. In 1914 the company further extended its supply area through the means of the ' confirmed by the Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No. 7) Act 1914. The supply area included Reading, Caversham, Mapledurham, Tilehurst and Theale; it provided electricity in bulk to York Town, Blackwater, Henley, Shiplake, Twyford and Sonning.

Reading Electric Supply Company Limited

The Reading Electric Supply Company Limited was registered on 22 January 1892. It generated and supplied electricity to the town of Reading and the surrounding area through the construction of a generating station at Reading and an electricity distribution network of high voltage cables. In 1921 the company operated 30 miles of feeder mains, 71 miles of distribution and service mains, with 1,890 kW of transformer and substation equipment.
In 1921 the company chairman was William May; the managing director was G. W. Spenser Hawkes; the other directors were Sir Phillip Dawson, Charles Ernest Hewett, John May and William Pole Routh. By 1926 John E Broadbent had replaced C. E. Hewett. The company's registered office was 3–5 Market Place Reading.
The company raised capital through the issue of shares. For example, in 1921 it issued share capital of £152,000 in £1 shares and £100,000 7 ½ percent first mortgage debenture stock; in 1926 it issued £152,125 in £1 shares and £150,000 6 percent debenture stock. The revenue and profits of the company are outlined below.
In 1933 Reading Corporation acquired the electricity undertaking of the Reading Electric Supply Company Limited for £443,000. The company was subsequently wound up.

Equipment specification

The original plant at Reading power station comprised horizontal compound condensing engines coupled directly to flywheel alternators. In 1898 the generating capacity was 375 kW and the maximum electricity load was 216 kW.

Plant in the 1920s

New plant was installed to meet growing demand for electricity. By 1923 the generating plant comprised:

Coal-fired boilers generating up to 69,000 lb/h of steam, these supplied steam to:
Generators
* 1 × 350 kW reciprocating engine driving a direct current generator
* 1 × 500 kW reciprocating engine driving a DC generator
* 1 × 250 kW reciprocating engine driving an alternator
* 2 × 1,500 kW steam turbo-alternator

These machines gave a total generating capacity of 3,250 kW of alternating current and 850 kW DC.
A variety of electricity supplies were available to consumers:

3-phase, 50 Hz AC at 345 and 200 Volts.
DC 400 & 200 Volts

Plant in 1955

New plant was commissioned as older plant was retired from service. By the 1950s Reading power station comprised:

Boilers:
* 4 × Babcock & Wilcox 15,000 lb/h, steam conditions 175 psi and 500 °F
* 1 × Babcock & Wilcox 20,000 lb/h, steam conditions 200 psi and 550 °F
* 2 × Babcock & Wilcox 40,000 lb/h, steam conditions 200 psi and 650 °F

The boilers had a total evaporative capacity of 160,000 lb/h, and supplied steam to:

Turbo-alternators:
* 2 × Belliss & Morcon–English Electric 1.5 MW turbo-alternators, generating at 3.5 kV
* 1 × Brush-Ljungstrom 3.75 MW, turbo-alternator, generating at 3.5 kV.
* 1 × English Electric 3.75 MW, turbo-alternator, generating at 3.5 kV

There was also 1 × 200 kW Diesel engine set
The completed total installed generating capacity was 10.7 MW, with an output capacity of 10 MW.
Condenser cooling water was drawn from the River Thames.

Operations

Electricity operational data for the early years was as follows:

Year	Consumers	Lamps
1894	38	2,150
1895	83	4,300
1896	154	8,700
1897	201	12,299

The data demonstrates the rapid growth of electricity consumption during this period.
In 1898 maximum electricity demand was 216 kW.

Operating data 1918–25

The electricity sold and revenue from 1918 to 1920 was as follows:

Year	Connections kW	Electricity sold MWh	Revenue	Net profit
1918	6,149	3,486	£34,659	£13,284
1919	6,765	3,130	£37,905	£12,114
1920	7,002	3,566	£51,004	£14,365

The operating data for the period 1921–23 is shown in the table:
The number of customers, the electricity sold and the profit from 1922 to 1925 was:

Year	Customers	Connections kW	Load kW	Electricity sold MWh	Total revenue	Net profit
1922	2,005	8,160	2,939	3,493	£55,962	£23,988
1923	2,164	8,730	3,250	1,089	£60,636	£25,766
1924	2,398	9,200	3,570	6,452	£67,544	£32,476
1925	2,688	10,430	4,270	6,601	£78,000	£38,000

Under the terms of the Electricity (Supply) Act 1926 the Central Electricity Board was established in 1926. The CEB identified high efficiency ‘selected’ power stations that would supply electricity most effectively. The CEB also constructed the National Grid to connect power stations within a region.

Operating data 1946

Reading power station operating data in 1946 is given below:

Year	Load factor per cent	Max output load MW	Electricity supplied MWh	Thermal efficiency per cent
1946	–	10,645	7,510	–

The British electricity supply industry was nationalised in 1948 under the provisions of the Electricity Act 1947. The Reading electricity undertaking was abolished, ownership of Reading power station was vested in the British Electricity Authority, and subsequently the Central Electricity Authority and the Central Electricity Generating Board. At the same time the electricity distribution and sales responsibilities of the Reading electricity undertaking were transferred to the Southern Electricity Board.

Operating data 1954–67

Operating data for the period 1954–67 is shown in the table:

Year	Running hours or load factor	Max output capacity MW	Electricity supplied GWh	Thermal efficiency per cent
1954	1987	11	11.417	10.82
1955	1548	11	7.172	9.59
1956	1401	10	7.862	10.41
1957	840	10	4.445	8.79
1958	322	10	1.621	8.98
1961		10	0.867	7.30
1962		10	1.066	9.85
1963		10	3.470	12.11
1967		10	4.902	11.95

The data shows the declining use of Reading power station.

Closure

Reading power station was decommissioned in the 1960s. The buildings were subsequently demolished and the area has been redeveloped with commercial units.