Ranong province
Ranong is one of Thailand's southern provinces, on the west coast along the Andaman Sea. It has the fewest inhabitants of all Thai provinces. Provinces neighboring Ranong are Chumphon, Surat Thani, and Phang Nga. To the west, it borders Kawthaung, Tanintharyi, Myanmar.
Geography
Ranong is on the Kra Isthmus, a narrow strip of land, only wide, that connects Thailand with the Malay Peninsula, on the west of the Phuket mountain range. It has a long coast on the Andaman Sea. The province, together with Trat province, is known for being one of the wettest places in Thailand, the rainy season lasting for about eight months.Ranong is the least populated province. The total forest area is or 53.5 percent of provincial area, and 67 percent is mountainous. In former years the major industry was tin mining, but most mines are now exhausted. White clay mining and fishing are now the main industries, along with rubber and cashew nuts.
The Ngao Mangrove Forest Research Centre, also known as the Ranong Biosphere Reserve, in the north of Kapoe District, covering 189,431 rai, was declared in 1997. It is the fourth biosphere reserve of Thailand, and the only one on the seacoast protecting mangrove forests.
National parks
There are four national parks, along with seven other national parks, make up region 4 (Surat Thani) of Thailand's protected areas.Wildlife sanctuaries
There are four wildlife sanctuaries, along with three other wildlife sanctuaries, make up region 4 (Surat Thani) of Thailand's protected areas.| Location protected areas of Ranong | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HistoryRanong province once was a deputy town of Chumphon in the Ayutthaya era. It was a small, mountainous town that protected Chumphon from Burma. The population was very low until the discovery of tin, when people from many cities and foreigners started to visit Ranong to do tin business there. This also gave rise to the name Ranong, which was a distorted form of rae nong, meaning "full of minerals". The ruler of Ranong was known after the town as Luang RanongAt the start of the Rattanakosin era, a wealthy Chinese merchant, Kho Su Jiang bought a majority share of the tin business in Ranong and was appointed tax collector of the region, with the title Luang Rattana Setti, by King Nangklao. In 1854, the Luang Ranong died. King Mongkut then promoted Kho Su Jiang to the position, promoting him to Phra Rattana Setti. By then, Ranong's wealth had increased greatly and through taxation was a significant source of income for the capital, thus in 1877 King Chulalongkorn elevated Ranong to provincial status, answering directly to Bangkok as opposed to Chumphon, with Phra Rattana Setti becoming its first governor. After the First Anglo-Burmese War, when the British assumed control of Tenasserim and the Kraburi River became the demarcation line between Siam and British-controlled Burma, Ranong became an important border city where goods were exchanged, a status that it still holds today. Being located on the Kra Isthmus, the narrowest part of the Malay Peninsula, a proposal of a canal through the area has been long suggested, particularly by the French. If successful, traveling from Europe to China would be faster through this route instead of circumnavigating the Malay Peninsula. This was seen as a threat to the financial growth of the harbors of Singapore and Penang, which at the time were owned by Britain, who therefore forced the suspension of the project. At the end of World War II, Thailand signed a British-imposed treaty called "The Termination of The State of War Between Siam and Allies", which forbade Thailand from digging such a canal without British permission. This treaty was revoked in 1954. Since then, plans for the canal have continued to be suggested and discussed, even in the present day, though Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha said in 2018 that it was not a government priority. Ranong has also been historically significant as a residence for royal tours of the southern provinces, with many kings of Thailand visiting Ranong in the past. The first was King Chulalongkorn, who stayed at Rattana Ransan palace for three nights in 1890. The palace is now a landmark in Ranong. King Prajadhipok visited in 1928, and King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit visited in 1959. ClimateMost of Thailand receives from 1,200 to 1,600 mm of precipitation per year. Two provinces, Ranong and Trat, receive more than 4,500 mm a year making them the wettest places in the country.For this reason, Ranong is called "Mueang Fon Paet Daet Si", meaning it rains for eight months of the year, and only four months are without rain. SymbolsThe provincial seal shows a castle on top of a hill, as an aide memoire that King Chulalongkorn once visited Ranong and stayed at the Ratana Rangsan Castle on top of the Niveskiri Hill. The number five refers to King Rama V; the castle is Ratana Rangsan Palace; the mountain is Niveshkiri; the royal tray refers to the people of Ranong.The provincial slogan is, "Kra Isthmus, mountain grass, cashew nut, mineral water stream, and real pearl of Ranong." The provincial tree is the Banaba, and the provincial flower is the orchid Dendrobium formosum. The endemic terrestrial crab Phricotelphusa sirindhorn is the provincial aquatic life. Administrative divisionsCentral governmentRanong is divided into five districts. These are further divided into 30 subdistricts and 178 villages.
Local governmentAs of December 2023 there are: one Ranong provincial administrative organization - PAO and 12 municipal areas in the province. Ranong and Bang Rin have town status. Further 10 subdistrict municipalities.
The non-municipal areas are administered by 19 subdistrict administrative organisations - SAO. HealthcareHospitalsThere are five hospitals in the province:
Health promoting hospitalsThere are total forty five health-promoting hospitals, of which:
DemographicsPopulationPopulation history of Ranong province is as follows:
ReligionThere are forty five Theravada Buddhist temples in the province.
TransportationPhet Kasem Road runs through the province. Ranong Airport is about south of Ranong.The Port Authority of Thailand operates the Ranong Port, which is Thailand's principal Indian Ocean port. In 2008, the Ranong human-smuggling incident resulted in 54 deaths. Human achievement index 2022Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index, a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board has taken over this task since 2017.
TourismNamtok Ngao National Park Covering a total area of approximately 417,500 rai it was declared a national park on 3 June 1999.Ko Chang island in tambon Ko Phayam. With an area of 18 square kilometres and 80 homes on the entire island. Cashew and para rubber plantations as well as coastal fisheries are the main industries. Laem Son National Park It covers a total area of 196,875 rai. It also includes islands in the Andaman Sea; namely, Ko Khangkhao and Mu Ko Kam. Places of interest within the national park include:
Phu Khao Ya The bald mountain with grass growing all over the mountain, it is extraordinary in that it is a geographical anomaly. This average-sized hill is entirely void of trees leaving it looking, as local residents say, like a "Swiss pasture". Phu Khao Ya can also change color according to the season and time of day. It is situated 12 kilometres to the south of Ranong town. Khlong Naka This wildlife sanctuary is the only home for the aquatic plant Crinum thaianum. This species of plant is endemic to the local stream, and from October till November is when the flowers bloom at their most. Wat Hat Som Paen The local Ranong Buddhist temple. Its highlight, besides worshiping the Buddha, is also admiring the beauty of the stream that flows through the temple, which is also home to a large number of the rock mahseer. |