Ramskoeldia
Ramskoeldia is a genus of amplectobeluid radiodont described in 2018. It was the second genus of radiodont found to possess gnathobase-like structures and an atypical oral cone after Amplectobelua. The type species, Ramskoeldia platyacantha, was discovered in the Chengjiang biota of China, the home of numerous radiodonts such as Amplectobelua and Lyrarapax.
Morphology
Ramskoeldia is known only from a few frontal appendages, gnathobase-like structures, disarticulated smooth and tuberculated plates interpreted as parts of their oral cones, as well as fragments of body flaps and head carapace complex. The frontal appendage of Ramskoeldia is composed of 16 podomeres, with endites of podomeres 4 to at least podomere 12 bearing prominent auxiliary spines. The endites of podomere 4 is the largest compared to other endites, but not extremely enlarged like those of Amplectobelua. The size of the endites alternates and decreasing distally, except podomere 8 is larger than podomere 6 just like Amplectobelua. Compared to Amplectobelua, the GLSs of Ramskoeldia are wider and the three pairs of GLSs did not gradually alternate in size.Taxonomy
Two species of Ramskoeldia have been described, R. platyacantha and R.? consimilis, but the taxonomic placement of latter species within this genus has been consistently questioned by subsequent studies. The endites of R. platyacantha are stout and their length does not exceed the height of the podomere to which they attach. The shaft podomeres 2 and 3 of R. platyacantha also bore prominent endites resembling those of distal articulated podomeres. Conversely, in R. consimilis, the endites of the distal articulated region are slender and most of them have a length that exceeds the height of podomere to which they attach. The shaft of R. consimilis has only a simple endite on podomere 3. The frontal appendages of R. consimilis had been previously misidentified as Houcaris saron owing to their similar overall appearance.Due to the numerous shared characters with Amplectobelua, the discovery of Ramskoeldia questioned the amplectobeluid affinity of Lyrarapax, a presumed amplectobeliud genus which lacking characters noted above. Ramskoeldia classified under Amplectobeluidae based on the diagnosis by Cong et al. 2018, while further phylogenetic analysis either suggest it to be a member of Amplectobeluidae or a relatively basal radiodont.