Ramesses X
Khepermaatre Ramesses X was the ninth pharaoh of the 20th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. His birth name was Amonhirkhepeshef. His prenomen or throne name, Khepermaatre, means "The Justice of Re Abides."
Reign
Year 0
In the regnal year of his predecessor, his accession date fell on 1 prt 27.Year 1
No records.Year 2
His year 2 is attested by Papyrus Turin 1932+1939.Year 3
His highest attested regnal year is year 3; the highest attested date in his reign is either "year 3, second month of the Inundation season, day 2" or possibly "year 3, month 4 ".Year 4
A possible attestation.Reign length
Ramesses X is thought to have reigned 3 or 4 regnal years.However, a later 20th Dynasty papyrus fragment from Deir el-Medina published in 2023 by Egyptologist Robert Demarée refers to a partial date of Year 4, third month of Inundation together with a change to Year 1, month 4 of Inundation. Although both kings are unnamed, it is strongly suggested by Demarée to refer to the reigns of Ramesses X and his successor Ramesses XI because Ramesses X is "the only king in the second half of the 20th Dynasty" known to have had a Year 3 and, hence, a probable Year 4 attested here. If confirmed, this would mean that Ramesses X ruled for 3 years and 10 months or nearly 4 years before he died. The only other 20th Dynasty king who died in his regnal Year 4 was Ramesses V but this ruler died around the time interval between the first and second month of Peret So, the papyrus document above cannot refer to Ramesses V.
The older theory put forward on astronomical grounds by Richard Parker that Ramesses X may have reigned for 9 years, has since been abandoned.
Likewise, the suggested ascription of Theban graffito 1860a to a hypothetical year 8 of Ramesses X is no longer supported.
Ramesses XI's accession date (or Ramesses X's death date)
Robert Demarée observes that the new Year 4 papyrus evidence contradicts the conventional view that Ramesses XI--Ramesses X's successor--had his succession on III Shemu day 20 which has been accepted by most scholars until recently. Demaree notes, however, that....Family
The English Egyptologists Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton wrote in a 2004 book:No evidence is known to indicate the relationship between the final kings Ramesses IX, X and XI. If they were a father-son succession, Tyti, who bears the titles of King's Daughter, King's Wife and King's Mother, would seem a good candidate for the wife of Ramesses X, but little else can be discerned.
However, Dodson's hypothesis here on Tyti's position must now be discarded since it has been proven in 2010 that Tyti was rather a queen of a previous 20th dynasty pharaoh instead. She is mentioned in the partly fragmented Harris papyrus to be Ramesses III's wife as Dodson himself acknowledges.