RTP payload formats

The Real-time Transport Protocol specifies a general-purpose data format and network protocol for transmitting digital media streams on Internet Protocol networks. The details of media encoding, such as signal sampling rate, frame size and timing, are specified in an RTP payload format. The format parameters of the RTP payload are typically communicated between transmission endpoints with the Session Description Protocol, but other protocols, such as the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol may be used.

Payload types and formats

The technical parameters of payload formats for audio and video streams are standardised.
The standard also describes the process of registering new payload types with IANA.

Text messaging payload types

Payload formats and types for text messaging are defined in the following specifications:

MIDI payload types

Payload formats and types for MIDI are defined in the following specifications:

Audio and video payload types

Payload formats and types for audio and video are defined in the following specifications:

Payload identifiers 96–127 are used for payloads defined dynamically during a session. It is recommended to dynamically assign port numbers, although port numbers 5004 and 5005 have been registered for use of the profile when a dynamically assigned port is not required.
Applications should always support PCMU. Previously, DVI4 was also recommended, but this was removed in 2013.

Payload type	Name	Type	No. of channels	Clock rate	Frame size	Default packet interval	Description	References
0	PCMU	audio	1	8000	any	20	ITU-T G.711 PCM μ-Law audio 64 kbit/s
1	reserved	audio	1	8000			reserved, previously FS-1016 CELP audio 4.8 kbit/s
2	reserved	audio	1	8000			reserved, previously ITU-T G.721 ADPCM audio 32 kbit/s or ITU-T G.726 audio 32 kbit/s
3	GSM	audio	1	8000	20	20	European GSM Full Rate audio 13 kbit/s
4	G723	audio	1	8000	30	30	ITU-T G.723.1 audio
5	DVI4	audio	1	8000	any	20	IMA ADPCM audio 32 kbit/s
6	DVI4	audio	1	16000	any	20	IMA ADPCM audio 64 kbit/s
7	LPC	audio	1	8000	any	20	Experimental Linear Predictive Coding audio 5.6 kbit/s
8	PCMA	audio	1	8000	any	20	ITU-T G.711 PCM A-Law audio 64 kbit/s
9	G722	audio	1	8000	any	20	ITU-T G.722 audio 64 kbit/s
10	L16	audio	2	44100	any	20	Linear PCM 16-bit Stereo audio 1411.2 kbit/s, uncompressed
11	L16	audio	1	44100	any	20	Linear PCM 16-bit audio 705.6 kbit/s, uncompressed
12	QCELP	audio	1	8000	20	20	Qualcomm Code Excited Linear Prediction	,
13	CN	audio	1	8000			Comfort noise. Payload type used with audio codecs that do not support comfort noise as part of the codec itself such as G.711, G.722.1, G.722, G.726, G.727, G.728, GSM 06.10, Siren, and RTAudio.
14	MPA	audio	1, 2	90000	8–72		MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 audio only	,
15	G728	audio	1	8000	2.5	20	ITU-T G.728 audio 16 kbit/s
16	DVI4	audio	1	11025	any	20	IMA ADPCM audio 44.1 kbit/s
17	DVI4	audio	1	22050	any	20	IMA ADPCM audio 88.2 kbit/s
18	G729	audio	1	8000	10	20	ITU-T G.729 and G.729a audio 8 kbit/s; Annex B is implied unless the `annexb=no` parameter is used	,
19	reserved	audio					reserved, previously comfort noise
25	CELLB	video		90000			Sun CellB video
26	JPEG	video		90000			JPEG video
28	nv	video		90000			Xerox PARC's Network Video
31	H261	video		90000			ITU-T H.261 video
32	MPV	video		90000			MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video
33	MP2T	audio/video		90000			MPEG-2 transport stream
34	H263	video		90000			H.263 video, first version	,
72-76	reserved						reserved because RTCP packet types 200-204 would otherwise be indistinguishable from RTP payload types 72-76 with the marker bit set	,
77-95	unassigned						note that RTCP packet type 207 would be indistinguishable from RTP payload types 79 with the marker bit set	,
dynamic	H263-1998	video		90000			H.263 video, second version	,,
dynamic	H263-2000	video		90000			H.263 video, third version
dynamic	H264 AVC	video		90000			H.264 video
dynamic	H264 SVC	video		90000			H.264 video
dynamic	H265	video		90000			H.265 video
dynamic	theora	video		90000			Theora video
dynamic	iLBC	audio	1	8000	20, 30	20, 30	Internet low Bitrate Codec 13.33 or 15.2 kbit/s
dynamic	PCMA-WB	audio	1	16000	5		ITU-T G.711.1 A-law
dynamic	PCMU-WB	audio	1	16000	5		ITU-T G.711.1 μ-law
dynamic	G718	audio		32000	20		ITU-T G.718
dynamic	G719	audio		48000	20		ITU-T G.719
dynamic	G7221	audio		16000, 32000	20		ITU-T G.722.1 and G.722.1 Annex C
dynamic	G726-16	audio	1	8000	any	20	ITU-T G.726 audio 16 kbit/s
dynamic	G726-24	audio	1	8000	any	20	ITU-T G.726 audio 24 kbit/s
dynamic	G726-32	audio	1	8000	any	20	ITU-T G.726 audio 32 kbit/s
dynamic	G726-40	audio	1	8000	any	20	ITU-T G.726 audio 40 kbit/s
dynamic	G729D	audio	1	8000	10	20	ITU-T G.729 Annex D
dynamic	G729E	audio	1	8000	10	20	ITU-T G.729 Annex E
dynamic	G7291	audio		16000	20		ITU-T G.729.1
dynamic	GSM-EFR	audio	1	8000	20	20	ITU-T GSM-EFR
dynamic	GSM-HR-08	audio	1	8000	20		ITU-T GSM-HR
dynamic	AMR	audio		8000	20		Adaptive Multi-Rate audio
dynamic	AMR-WB	audio		16000	20		Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband audio
dynamic	AMR-WB+	audio	1, 2 or omit	72000	13.3–40		Extended Adaptive Multi Rate – WideBand audio
dynamic	vorbis	audio					Vorbis audio
dynamic	opus	audio	1, 2	48000	2.5–60	20	Opus audio
dynamic	speex	audio	1	8000, 16000, 32000	20		Speex audio
dynamic	mpa-robust	audio	1, 2	90000	24–72		Loss-Tolerant MP3 audio
dynamic	MP4A-LATM	audio		90000 or others			MPEG-4 Audio
dynamic	MP4V-ES	video		90000 or others			MPEG-4 Visual
dynamic	mpeg4-generic	audio/video		90000 or other			MPEG-4 Elementary Streams
dynamic	VP8	video		90000			VP8 video
dynamic	VP9	video		90000			VP9 video
dynamic	AV1	video		90000			AV1 video
dynamic	L8	audio			any	20	Linear PCM 8-bit audio with 128 offset
dynamic	DAT12	audio			any	20	IEC 61119 12-bit nonlinear audio
dynamic	L16	audio			any	20	Linear PCM 16-bit audio	,
dynamic	L20	audio			any	20	Linear PCM 20-bit audio
dynamic	L24	audio			any	20	Linear PCM 24-bit audio
dynamic	raw	video		90000			Uncompressed Video
dynamic	ac3	audio		32000, 44100, 48000			Dolby AC-3 audio
dynamic	eac3	audio		32000, 44100, 48000			Enhanced AC-3 audio
dynamic	t140	text		1000			Text over IP
dynamic	EVRC EVRC0 EVRC1	audio		8000			EVRC audio
dynamic	EVRCB EVRCB0 EVRCB1	audio		8000			EVRC-B audio
dynamic	EVRCWB EVRCWB0 EVRCWB1	audio		16000			EVRC-WB audio
dynamic	jpeg2000	video		90000			JPEG 2000 video
dynamic	UEMCLIP	audio		8000, 16000			UEMCLIP audio
dynamic	ATRAC3	audio		44100			ATRAC3 audio
dynamic	ATRAC-X	audio		44100, 48000			ATRAC3+ audio
dynamic	ATRAC-ADVANCED-LOSSLESS	audio					ATRAC Advanced Lossless audio
dynamic	DV	video		90000			DV video
dynamic	BT656	video					ITU-R BT.656 video
dynamic	BMPEG	video					Bundled MPEG-2 video
dynamic	SMPTE292M	video					SMPTE 292M video
dynamic	RED	audio					Redundant Audio Data
dynamic	VDVI	audio					Variable-rate DVI4 audio
dynamic	MP1S	video					MPEG-1 Systems Streams video
dynamic	MP2P	video					MPEG-2 Program Streams video
dynamic	tone	audio		8000			tone
dynamic	telephone-event	audio		8000			DTMF tone
dynamic	aptx	audio	2 - 6		4000 ÷ sample rate	4	aptX audio
dynamic	jxsv	video		90000			JPEG XS video
dynamic	scip	audio/video		8000 or 90000			SCIP

RTP payload formats

Payload types and formats

Text messaging payload types

MIDI payload types

Audio and video payload types