Qurnat as Sawda'
Qurnat as Sawdā is the highest point in Lebanon and the Levant, at above sea level. It is the summit of Jabal al Makmel, a mountain range in Bsharri, North Lebanon.
Etymology
The mountain's name derives from the Classical Syriac ܩܪܢܬ ܣܗܕ̈ܐ, for "Martyrs' Peak". This, in turn, refers to late-13th century campaigns in the region by the Muslim Mamluk Sultanate during its conquest of the Christian Crusader states. Its name, like many other local toponyms, was retained even after the decline of Syriac as a vernacular tongue in the region. However, the name became corrupted during the transition to Arabic in Lebanon and became known as القرنة السوداء meaning "The Black Corner".
Topography
Qurnat as Sawda is part of the Lebanon Mountains range and is a limestone and dolomite massif. The mountain has several peaks, with the highest one being the summit.
Climate
Qurnat as Sawda has a Mediterranean-influenced subarctic climate, experiencing warm to cool dry summers, and cold snowy winters. The area receives significant annual precipitation, especially during the winter months, averaging between 1100–1400 mm. In some years, against odds, remnants of snow can persist through the summer months.
Biodiversity
The mountain is home to several unique plant and animal species, some of which are endemic to the region. It is also an important site for birdwatching, with several species of raptors, such as the Golden eagle, spotted in the area.
Qurnat al Sawda is a popular destination for hikers and mountaineers, with several hiking trails leading to the summit. The area also attracts tourists who come to admire the stunning views of the surrounding landscape, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Bekaa Valley. There are also several villages and towns in the vicinity, such as Jird 40, Beqaasefrine, Bsharri, Syr and others which offer accommodations and services for visitors.