Qashan Principality


The Bulgar Ulus was an administrative unit of the Golden Horde on the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria with its center in the city of Bolgar, which existed in the first half of the 13th – early 15th centuries.
The Bulgarian land was subjected to the ushkuiniks' raids several times, and also had conflicts with the Russian principalities. In 1376-1377, the united Moscow-Novgorod troops made a military campaign against the territory of the Bulgar ulus: the Bulgar army was driven inside Bolgar. The Novgorod raids ceased after the failure of the ushkuiniks' campaign to the Volga and Kama in 1409, when they were defeated and their leader was captured and taken to the Horde. By 1431, the Bulgarian land had finally turned into a "wild field" after the constant devastating raids of the troops of the temnik of the Golden Horde, Edigey

Specialized literature

  • Губайдуллин А. М., // Археология евразийских степей : журнал. — 2022. — 14 мая. — С. 149―156. — doi:10.24852/2587-6112.2022.3.149.156.
  • Илюшин Б. А., // Novogardia : журнал. — 2020. — № 1. — С. 138—162. — doi:10.25797/NG.2020.5.1.005.
  • Мухаметшин Д. Г., // Золотоордынское обозрение : журнал. — 2021. — Сентябрь. — С. 296―313. — doi:10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-2.296-313.
  • Руденко К. А., // Поволжская археология : журнал. — 2018. — № 2. — С. 111―124.
  • Руденко К. А., // Золотоордынское обозрение : журнал. — 2018. — Т. 6, № 3. — С. 472―488.