Pyrrhic victory

Etymology

Examples

War

• Battle of Asculum, Pyrrhus of Epirus and Italian allies against the Roman Republic: the Romans, though suffering twice as many casualties, could easily replenish their ranks. Pyrrhus lost most of his commanders and a great part of the forces he had brought to Italy, and he withdrew to Sicily.
• Battle of Avarayr, Vardan Mamikonian and Christian Armenian rebels against the Sassanid Empire: the Persians were victorious and forced the outnumbered Armenians to retreat, but lost so many soldiers that the battle proved to be a strategic victory for Armenians, as Avarayr paved the way to the Nvarsak Treaty, which assured Armenian autonomy and religious freedom.
• File:Johann Peter Krafft 005.jpg|thumbnail|right|Last stand and final charge from the fortress of Szigetvár |alt=Men waving sabers on horseback charge across a bridge, surrounded by figures struggling in hand-to-hand combat Siege of Szigetvár, Ottoman–Habsburg wars: although the Ottomans won the siege after 33 days, it can be seen as a Pyrrhic victory because of the heavy Ottoman casualties, the death of Sultan Suleiman, and the resulting delay to the Ottoman push for Vienna that year which suspended Ottoman expansion in Europe.
• Siege of Ostend, Eighty Years' War: for three years the Spanish attempted to capture this port from Dutch and English defenders, even as the Dutch expanded their territory further east – including capturing the port of Sluis to replace Ostend before surrendering. The Spaniards ultimately captured the city, but the vast cost and casualties of the siege were compounded by Spain's subsequent campaign to recapture the Dutch gains, which achieved little, and by 1607 Spain was bankrupt. The resultant Twelve Years' Truce effectively made the Dutch Republic an independent state.
• Battle of Gangwana fought between the 1,000 strong Rathore cavalry of Jodhpur and the combined armies of the Mughal Empire, and Jaipur numbering 100,000 with hundreds of cannons and artillery at Gangwana. Jaipur emerged victorious but with heavy losses of 12,000 killed and thousands other wounded
• Battle of Bunker Hill, American Revolutionary War: after mounting three assaults on the colonial forces, the British won control of the Boston peninsula in the early stages of the war, but the engagement cost them many more casualties than the Americans had incurred and led them to adopt more cautious methods, which helped American rebel forces; the political repercussions increased colonial support for independence.
• Battle of Guilford Court House, American Revolutionary War: in this short battle, the outnumbered British force defeated an American army; the British lost a considerable number of men, and their drive to conquer the southern colonies changed course.
• Battle of Chancellorsville, American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee split his army in the face of Joseph Hooker's larger Union force; the audacious strategy allowed the Confederate army to win the day against a numerically superior foe. However, 20% of Lee's army was injured or killed, including General Stonewall Jackson, and his losses were difficult to replace. Lee's weakened army went on the offensive, but less than two months later was defeated and forced to retreat after the Battle of Gettysburg.
• File:Aircraft_prepare_to_launch_from_Japanese_carrier_Shōkaku_during_Battle_of_the_Santa_Cruz_Islands,_26_October_1942_.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese aircraft prepare to take off from Shōkaku during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands|alt=Aircraft lined up on the deck of an aircraft carrier Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, World War II, Solomon Islands Campaign: Japanese and Allied naval forces met during the struggle for Guadalcanal and nearby islands. After an exchange of carrier air attacks, U.S. surface ships retreated with one aircraft carrier sunk along with a destroyer and another carrier and a battleship severely damaged. The Japanese carrier forces achieved a tactical victory, as none of their ships were sunk, but the heavy loss of 100 airplanes and irreplaceable veteran aircrews was to the strategic advantage of the Allies. Japanese ground forces on Guadalcanal had also just lost the Battle for Henderson Field and were in no position to take advantage of the new situation.
• Battle of Chosin Reservoir, Korean War: the Chinese army attempted to encircle and destroy the much smaller United Nations forces, but in a 17-day battle in freezing weather, the U.N. forces inflicted crippling losses on the Chinese while making a fighting withdrawal. The Chinese occupied northeast Korea but they did not recover until the spring, and the U.N. maintained a foothold in Korea.
• Second Battle of Quảng Trị, Vietnam War: South Vietnam defeated communist North Vietnam to recapture Quảng Trị Province south of the Thạch Hãn River at a high cost in terms of damage and destruction. The 1973 Paris Agreement, signed later, also became a disaster for South Vietnam. The South fell to the North in 1975, after the Fall of Saigon.
• Battle of Vukovar, Croatian War of Independence: the Yugoslav People's Army laid siege to the city of Vukovar, held by the Croatian National Guard and civilian volunteers. After 87 days, the ruined city fell to the JNA. Although the city was besieged from all sides, it exhausted the Yugoslav army and Serbian paramilitaries that had about twenty times more soldiers and complete armoured and artillery superiority, and they had twice as many losses. It was a turning point in the Croatian War of Independence.

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