Pyongan dialect


The Pyongan dialect, alternatively Northwestern Korean, is the Korean dialect of the Northwestern Korean Peninsula and neighboring parts of China.
In North Korea, the Pyongan dialect is recognized as a regional dialect. However, the country's standard language, often referred to as Munhwaŏ and claimed to be based on the speech of Pyongyang, is officially distinguished from this dialect. This position was articulated by Kim Il Sung on January 6, 1964, in "Guiding Principles for the Juche-Oriented Development of the Korean Language", where he stated: "Pyongyang speech is neither the indigenous speech nor the Pyongan dialect mixed with regionalisms."

Pronunciation

Vowels

In the Pyongan dialect an eight-vowel system is used. The sound of 어 is much closer to that of 오 compared to other dialects as it is, the rounded equivalent to South Korean . 으 is also closer to than to,. However, the opposite is true after ㅅ. The palatalization that occurred for other dialects with 시 is absent in the Pyongan dialect, e.g. 싫다 becomes 슳다. There are various features that differentiate the sound of words from southwestern and midland dialects. 위, 왜, 워 and 와 are closer to an original sound of 야, 여, 요 and 유.

Palatalization

The consonant, in addition to the first syllable of ㄱ and ㅎ are not palatalized in the Pyongan dialect. Sino-Korean words beginning with ㄴ in southern dialects are pronounced as ㄹ, as in the cases of 류행 and 로동.
In the example of 같이, southern Korean dialects palatize the sound to resemble the sound "ca-chi", as if it was written 가치, but Pyeonyan accents do not palatize the sound, pronouncing it phonetically as "catti".

Conjugation

Stems of the ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ irregulars use both forms, such as in the case of 듣다· 드드니, 들으니 .

Words

Vocabulary

Various words used in the Pyongan dialect differ to that of other Korean dialects, such as 간나, 클마니 and 클마니. The etymology of words such as "우틔" arises from the Manchu language, but has been removed by the North Korean government in order to promote language purity.