Puntius


Puntius is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae native to South Asia and Mainland Southeast Asia, as well as Taiwan.
Many species formerly placed in Puntius have been moved to other genera such as Barbodes, Dawkinsia, Desmopuntius, Haludaria, Oliotius, Pethia, Puntigrus, Sahyadria and Systomus.
Previously, it was assumed that the earliest record of this genus was the fossil species Puntius bussyi from the Eocene of Sumatra, but a 2020 study reclassified this species into the new genus Pauciuncus, possibly in the subfamily Smiliogastrinae.

Etymology

The name Puntius comes from Pungti, a Bangla term for small cyprinids.

Range

Fishes of the genus Puntius are found in South Asia and Mainland Southeast Asia, with a single species, P. snyderi, in Taiwan. The greatest species richness is in India.

Description

The maximum size for an adult of this genus is, but most species reach and some species do not surpass. In appearance they may resemble miniature carp and are sometimes brightly coloured or patterned.

Behavior

These fishes are omnivorous; their diet includes small invertebrates and plant matter. Breeding is by egg scattering and takes place close to the bottom, near or within areas of dense plant growth. They do not show parental care and adults may eat the young.

Taxonomy

Historically, many species of Puntius have been classified in several genera, including Barbus. Despite the reclassifications, the specific epithet remains the same in these - except in cases of homonymies - as Barbus and Puntius have the same grammatical gender. The closest living relatives of the spotted barbs are the genus Cyprinion and perhaps the genus Capoeta. These and the other "typical" barbs and barbels were formerly often separated as subfamily Barbinae, but this group is highly paraphyletic with regard to the Cyprininae and better merged there at least for the largest part. In particular the genus Barbonymus, containing the tinfoil barb and its relatives - for some time included in Puntius - appears to be a kind of carp that has evolved convergently with barbs.
This genus is classified within the subfamily Smiliogastrinae by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.

Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus:Puntius amphibius Puntius arenatus Puntius brevis Puntius burmanicus Puntius cauveriensis Puntius chola Puntius crescentus Yazdani & Singh, 1994Puntius deccanensis Yazdani & Babu Rao, 1976 Puntius dolichopterus Plamoottil, 2015 Puntius dorsalis Puntius euspilurus Plamoottil, 2016Puntius fraseri Puntius kamalika Silva, Maduwage & Pethiyagoda, 2008Puntius kelumi Pethiyagoda, Silva, Maduwage & Meegaskumbura, 2008Puntius khohi Dobriyal, R. Singh, Uniyal, H. K. Joshi, Phurailatpam & Bisht, 2004Puntius kyphus Plamoottil, 2019Puntius layardi Puntius madhusoodani Kumar, Benno Pereira & Radhakrishnan, 2012Puntius mahecola Puntius masyai Smith, 1945Puntius mudumalaiensis Menon & Rema Devi, 1992Puntius muzaffarpurensis Srivastava, Verma & Sharma, 1977Puntius nangalensis Jayaram, 1990Puntius nelsoni Plamoottil, 2014 Puntius nigronotus Plamoottil, 2014 Puntius ocellus Plamoottil & Vineeth, 2020Puntius parrah Day, 1865 Puntius punjabensis Puntius sanctus Plamoottil, 2020Puntius snyderi Ōshima, 1919Puntius sophore Puntius sophoroides Puntius stigma Puntius terio Puntius thermalis Puntius viridis Plamoottil & Abraham 2014