List of Spider-Man enemies

is a superhero created by Marvel Comics who debuted in the anthology comic book series issue Amazing Fantasy #15 during the Silver Age of Comics. After his debut, he received his own comic book entitled The Amazing Spider-Man. This comic introduced many of what would become his major supervillain adversaries. Spider-Man then became popular enough for more Spider-Man comic spinoffs which introduced more recurring enemies of the web-slinger, across their various incarnations.
As with Spider-Man, most of his villains' powers originate from scientific accidents or the misuse of scientific technology. They can be classified into multiple categories, such as animal-themed villains, villains with powers over the elements, horror-themed villains, crime lords, inventors, and masters of trickery and illusion. There are, however, numerous villains that don't fit into any specific category, such as Mephisto, who originated as a Silver Surfer villain. The villains oftentimes form teams such as the Sinister Six to oppose the web-slinger.
Spider-Man is notable for having numerous villains that redeemed themselves and became antiheroes, such as Black Cat, the Prowler, Morbius, Kraven, Sandman and Silver Sable. Also, unlike most superheroes, Spider-Man doesn't have one particular archenemy, but rather three: the Norman Osborn version of the Green Goblin, the Otto Octavius version of Doctor Octopus, and the Eddie Brock version of Venom, the latter two of whom have been similarly redeemed and depicted as antiheroes; since the late 2000s, the demon Mephisto has additionally been depicted as an overarching archenemy/prominent adversary of all incarnations of Spider-Man.
The rogues gallery of Spider-Man has garnered critical acclaim and has been considered one of the greatest rogues galleries of all time.

Supervillains and themed criminals

The majority of supervillains depicted in Spider-Man comics first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man, while some first appeared in spinoff comics such as The Spectacular Spider-Man and Marvel Team-Up and other titles.

''The Amazing Spider-Man'' debuts

Most of the supervillains of Spider-Man would be introduced in The Amazing Spider-Man comic book starting with the Chameleon. The early villains would be introduced in the 1960s during the Silver Age of Comic Books, and created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. John Romita Sr. replaced Ditko starting with the Rhino. Gerry Conway later replaced Stan Lee and helped create new adversaries for the web-slinger and also helped pave the way for the Bronze Age of Comic Books with the death of Spider-Man's long-time romantic interest, Gwen Stacy. Many collaborators would soon take over The Amazing Spider-Man title. One of the more popular examples included Todd McFarlane's Venom in the Modern Age of Comic Books.
Note: Alter ego characters who are the most high profile in the supervillain alias but have shared that alias with others are in bold. Alter egos listed having N/A use their real name as supervillain name. All the villains are listed in the chronological order of their debut in comics. Characters of the central rogues gallery are in bold.

Central rogues gallery

Name	Notable alter ego	First appearance issue #	Creator	Descriptions
Chameleon	Dmitri Anatoly Nikolayevich Smerdyakov	#1	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	A master of disguise who can make himself look like anybody
Vulture	Adrian Toomes	#2	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	An elderly inventor who created mechanical wings that allow him to fly and grant him superhuman strength
Doctor Octopus	Dr. Otto Gunther Octavius	#3	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	Originally a brilliant scientist, his greatest invention, a set of metallic limbs, became fused to his body by an accident which caused his insanity. He has telepathic control of these arms, which are strong enough to physically hurt Spider-Man. While Doctor Octopus is regarded as one of Spider-Man's archenemies, he has also been portrayed as an antihero, and even starred in his own comic book storyline that saw him becoming a superhero called the Superior Spider-Man after the original Spider-Man's death.
Sandman	William Baker / Flint Marko	#4	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	Once a small-time crook, he became a supervillain after his body merged with sand which he can manipulate in many ways, such as shapeshifting, increasing his density and strength to lift up to 85 tons, and creating dust storms from his body.
Lizard	Dr. Curtis "Curt" Connors Peter Benjamin Parker	#6	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	A scientist researching genetics, he injected himself with an experimental serum made from reptile DNA which transformed him into a humanoid lizard. As the Lizard, he has regeneration abilities, along with superhuman strength, speed, and agility. He has sometimes been shown as being able to telepathically command all reptiles within a one-mile radius.
Electro	Maxwell Dillon	#9	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	Originally a lineman for an electric company, he turned to a life of crime after being struck by lightning while working on a power line and becoming a living electric capacitor. His powers range from shooting electricity bolts to flight and superhuman strength and speed, which makes him one of Spider-Man's most dangerous enemies.
Mysterio	Quentin Beck Daniel Berkhart Francis Klum	#13	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	A master of illusion who uses special effects, hypnosis, and an extensive knowledge of chemistry and robotics to trick his enemies
Green Goblin	Norman Osborn Harry Osborn	#14	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	The first Green Goblin, Norman Osborn, is the CEO of Oscorp and has powers derived from a "Goblin formula" that increases agility, endurance, strength, and reflexes to superhuman levels. The formula has also advances the intelligence while causing insanity as a side effect. He uses an arsenal of weapons created by Oscorp, such as pumpkin bombs and a personal glider. The Norman version of the Green Goblin is usually regarded as Spider-Man's archenemy. The second Goblin, Harry Osborn, is Norman's son and Peter Parker's best friend. He has the same powers as his father.
Kraven the Hunter	Sergei Kravinoff Alyosha Kravinoff Ana Kravinoff	#15	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	Depicted as the world's greatest big-game hunter, Kraven is skilled in hand-to-hand combat, though he also uses a "magic jungle potion" to increase his speed, strength, and tracking skills. He aims to kill Spider-Man, whom he regards as his equal, to prove himself as the world's greatest hunter, and is also the half-brother of the Chameleon.
Scorpion	Mac Gargan	#20	Stan Lee Steve Ditko	A former private investigator who underwent a test that made him more powerful than Spider-Man, at the cost of his sanity. He gained the superhuman strength of a scorpion, and was provided with a scorpion-themed suit and weaponry. Gargan later became the third host of the Venom symbiote.
Rhino	Aleksei Mikhailovich Sytsevich	#41	Stan Lee John Romita Sr.	A Russian thug who was given a rhinoceros-modeled armor, which give him superhuman strength and resistance, after undergoing a chemical and radiation treatment. After escaping from his handlers, he used his newfound powers to become a supervillain.
Shocker	Herman Schultz	#46	Stan Lee John Romita Sr.	A former small-time criminal who built himself a battle suit that contains vibro-shock gauntlets.
Kingpin	Wilson Grant Fisk	#50	Stan Lee John Romita Sr.	Depicted as crime lord of New York City. Manipulate henchman to do his bidding. His body consists of mostly muscle that has much strength and agility. Enough to grapple and hammer Spider-Man.
Morbius	Michael Morbius	#101	Roy Thomas Gil Kane	A formerly renowned biochemist who was mutated into a vampire. He has all the powers and weaknesses of a vampire. Later comic book storylines depict him as a tragic antihero.
Jackal	Miles Warren	#129	Gerry Conway Ross Andru	A brilliant professor with the knowledge of cloning, which he uses to torment Spider-Man emotionally. The Jackal possesses superhuman strength, speed, and agility. There are two versions of the Jackal that operate independently of each other; the original being Miles Warren, while his clone goes by the alias of the Carrion.
Black Cat	Felicia Hardy	#194	Marv Wolfman Keith Pollard	A master cat burglar, who inherited her name and skills from her father. She often carries a grappling hook for swinging on rooftops, and sometimes has bad luck powers. She has often been depicted as both a love interest and ally of Spider-Man.
Hobgoblin	Roderick Kingsley Jason Macendale Ned Leeds Phil Urich Demogoblin	#238	Roger Stern John Romita Sr.	Roderick Kingsley discovered one of Norman Osborn's lairs and perfected the Green Goblin formula, which granted him superhuman strength and intelligence without Osborn's insanity. Using a vast arsenal of weapons similar to the Green Goblin's, including a goblin glider, pumpkin bombs and razor-sharp bats, Kingsley became the criminal mastermind known as the Hobgoblin.
Venom	Eddie Brock Mac Gargan	#300	David Michelinie Todd McFarlane	Eddie Brock is a former reporter who blamed Spider-Man for ruining this career and his life. He became Venom after binding with the symbiote that once merged with Spider-Man. As Venom, he has the same powers as Spider-Man, and aims to ruin his life in any way he can. He is also undetectable to Spider-Man's spider sense. While Venom grew to be regarded as one of Spider-Man's archenemies, later comic book storylines depict him as an antihero, and he even reluctantly teamed up with Spider-Man when the lives of innocent people were at risk. Other character have also been the host of the Venom symbiote, including Mac Gargan, who became the second Venom.
Carnage	Cletus Kasady	#361	David Michelinie Erik Larsen Mark Bagley	An offspring of the Venom symbiote merged with a serial killer. Carnage possess powers such as shapeshifting and creating weapons from his body. He can also plant ideas in people's heads.