Prince of Qin (Ming dynasty)


Prince of Qin was a first-rank princely peerage of the Ming dynasty. The princedom was created by the Hongwu Emperor for his second son, Zhu Shuang.

Generation names / poem

The generation poem given by Hongwu Emperor was:
The mainline members used the poem until the name "Cun", which was the same generation as Tianqi Emperor and Chongzhen Emperor.

Princedom of Qin

  • - Prince of Qin
  • - Hereditary Prince of QinZhu Shuang, Hongwu Emperor's second son. He was made Prince of Qin in 1370 by his father and took his fief in 1378, which was located at Xi'an. His full posthumous name was [|Prince Min of Qin]
  • * Zhu Shangbing, Zhu Shuang's eldest son, he succeeded the princedom from 1395 to 1412. His full posthumous name was Prince Yin of Qin
  • ** Zhu Zhijun, Zhu Shangbing's eldest son from his secondary consort. He initially was made a second-rank prince under the title Prince of Weinan Comm. from 1403 to 1424. He succeeded the princedom from 1424 to 1426. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his younger full-brother. His full posthumous name was Prince Huai of Qin
  • ** Zhu Zhigeng, Zhu Shuang's second son and eldest son from his primary consort. He succeeded the princedom from 1412 to 1424. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his elder half-brother. His full posthumous name was Prince Xi of Qin
  • ** Zhu Zhiqie, Zhu Shuang's third son. He initially was made a second-rank prince under the title Prince of Fuping Comm. from 1422 to 1428. He succeeded the princedom from 1428 to 1455. His full posthumous name was Prince Kang of Qin
  • ***Zhu Gongming, Zhu Zhiqie's eldest son. He was made Prince of Lintong Comm. in his lifetime. He was posthumously honoured as a Prince of Qin under the posthumous title "Prince An of Qin" after his grandson succeeded the [|princedom of Qin].
  • ****Zhu Chengrun, Zhu Gongming's eldest son. He was made a defender general under the designation of Prince of Lintong Comm. He was posthumously honoured as a Prince of Qin under the posthumous title "Prince Gong of Qin" after his great-grandson succeeded the princedom of Qin.
  • *****Zhu Bingfu, Zhu Chengrun's second son. He was made a bulwark general under the designation of Prince of Lintong Comm. He was posthumously honoured as a Prince of Qin under the posthumous title "Prince Shun of Qin" after his grandson succeeded the princedom of Qin.
  • ******Zhu Weilian, Zhu Bingfu's second son. He was made a supporter general under the designation of Prince of Lintong Comm. He was posthumously honoured as Prince of Qin under the posthumous title "Prince Duan of Qin" after his son succeeded the princedom.
  • ******* Zhu Huaiquan . He initially was made a defender lieutenant under the designation of Prince of Lintong Comm. He succeeded the princedom from 1548 to 1566. His full posthumous name was Prince Xuan of Qin
  • ******** Zhu Jingrong, Zhu Huaiquan's eldest son. He initially was made a second-rank prince under the title Prince of Longde Comm. from 1550 to 1569. He succeeded the princedom from 1569 to 1576. His full posthumous name was Prince Jing of Qin
  • ********* Zhu Yihan, Zhu Jingrong's eldest son. He was designated hereditary prince in 1575 and succeeded the princedom from 1581 to 1586. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his younger brother. His full posthumous name was Prince Jing of Qin
  • *********Zhu Yihuan, Zhu Jingrong's third son. He initially was made a supporter lieutenant in 1585, then promoted to the rank of second-rank prince under the title Prince of Ziyang Comm.. He succeeded the princedom from 1587 to before 1637. His posthumous name was Prince Su of Qin
  • ********** Zhu Cunshu, Zhu Yihuan's eldest son, was designated hereditary prince from 1616 to 1629, died before his father and sonlessly.
  • ********** Zhu Cunji, Zhu Yihuan's third son. He initially was made a supporter lieutenant in 1626, then promoted to the rank of commandery prince. He was designated hereditary prince in 1629 and succeeded the princedom from 1637 to 1641. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his younger brother. His full posthumous name was Prince Jing of Qin
  • ********** Zhu Cunji, initially was made a supporter lieutenant in 1626, then promoted to the rank of commandery prince. He succeeded the princedom from 1641 and surrendered to Li Zicheng in 1643. He later surrenders to Qing dynasty in 1644 and was executed by the Qing court in May 1646, at Caishikou Execution Grounds. He had no child or posthumous name.
  • ********** Zhu Cunfu (朱存

Cadet princedoms

The princedom of Qin has 20 cadet branches, four of these cadet princedoms' designation are unknown, and nine of these principalities had merged after the title holders succeeded the main line's princedom.
The princedom that has merged included:
  • Prince of Weinan Comm., held by Zhu Zhijun, the 4th Prince of Qin, from 1403 to 1424
  • Prince of Fuping Comm., held by Zhu Zhiqie, the 5th Prince of Qin, from 1422 to 1428
  • Prince of Lintong Comm., held by three princes until the third holder, Zhu Bingshuang, succeeded as the 8th Prince of Qin
  • Prince of Zhen'an Comm., held Zhu Chengyong, the 7th Prince of Qin, from 1468 to 1488
  • Prince of Longde, held by Zhu Jingrong, the 11th Prince of Qin, from 1550 to 1569
  • Prince of Ziyang, held by Zhu Yihuan, the 13th Prince of Qin, from 1586 to 1587Designation unknown, held by Zhu Cunji, the 14th Prince of Qin, from some year during Tianqi Emperor's reign to 1629, before he was made the heir of the principality of QinDesignation unknown, held by Zhu Cunji, the 15th Prince of Qin, from some year during Tianqi Emperor's reign to 1641
While there were another two princedoms with unknown designation, both of them made from some year during Tianqi Emperor's reign persons who held them were:
  • Zhu Cunbi, younger son of Zhu Yihuan, the 13th Prince of Qin
  • Zhu Cunyi, younger son of Zhu Yihuan, the 13th Prince of Qin

Princedom of Yongxing Comm.

Prince of Yongxing Commandery was created in 1403 for Zhu Shanglie, the second son of Zhu Shuang, 1st Prince of Qin. The title was abolished in 1573 by the Ming court and headed by the senior-most members. The princedom was located at Gongchang, Shaanxi.
  • Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin
  • *Zhu Shanglie, second son of Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Yongxing Comm. in 1403 and died in 1418. His full posthumous was Prince Yijian of Yongxing.
  • **Zhu Zhibao, Zhu Shanglie's eldest son, he succeeded the princedom from 1423 and died in 1454. His full posthumous name was Prince Gongxian of Yongxing
  • ***Zhu Gongshi, Zhu Zhibao's eldest son, he succeeded the princedom from 1455 and died in 1488. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhaoxi of Yongxing
  • ****Zhu Chenglan, he succeeded the princedom from 1492 and died in 1507. As both of his two sons died before him, he was succeeded by Zhu Bingju, his first cousin once removed. His full posthumous name was Prince Ronghui of Yongxing
  • *****Zhu Bingrou, was made a bulwark general, he died before his father.
  • ***Zhu Gongran, Zhu Zhibao's second son, was made a defender general.
  • ****Zhu Chengyi, he initially was made a supporter general. He succeeded the princedom from 1512 from his father's cousin, Zhu Chenglan but his succession was considered counterfeit after his death. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhuangding of Yongxing
  • ******Zhu Weisui, Zhu Bingju's eldest son, he succeeded the princedom from 1540 but his succession through his father was considered counterfeit. Having self-confessed his succession illegal, he was permitted to hold his princely title until his death. After the princedom was abolished, his son Zhu Huaitian was appointed to head the clan. His full posthumous name was Prince Gongding of Yongxing
  • *******Zhu Huaitian, was made a bulwark lieutenant. He headed the clan in 1575 after his father's death.
  • ********''Succession of headship unknown''

Princedom of Bao'an Comm.

Prince of Bao'an Commandery was created in 1403, for Zhu Shangyu, third son of Zhu Shuang, the 1st Prince of Qin. The title was abolished in 1554 by the Ming court. The princedom was initially located in Lintao, Shaanxi, then changed to Xi'an.
  • Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin
  • *Zhu Shangyu, third son of Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Bao'an on 10 March 1403. His full posthumous name was Prince Huaixi of Bao'an
  • **Zhu Zhidong, he succeeded the princedom from 1422 until his death in 1436. His full posthumous name was Prince Daoshun of Bao'an
  • ***Zhu Gonglian, Zhu Zhidong's second son. He succeeded the princedom from 1447 until his death in 1475. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhuangjian of Bao'an
  • ****Zhu Chenghuang, Zhu Gonglian's third son. He succeeded the princedom from 1478 until his death in 1496. His was succeeded by his seventh brother, Zhu Chengdu, as his only son died before him. His full posthumous name was Prince Rongmu of Bao'an
  • *****Zhu Bingyi, died before his father.
  • ****Zhu Chenglu, Zhu Gonglian's seventh son. He initially was made a defender general. He then succeeded the princedom after his childless brother from 20 December 1498, until his death in 1501. He was succeeded by his ninth brother, Zhu Chengjiao, as his only son died before him. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhaohe of Bao'an
  • *****Zhu Bingxi, died before his father when his father was still a defender general
  • ****Zhu Chengjiao, Zhu Gonglian's ninth son. He initially was made a defender general. He succeeded the princedom from 1507 until his death in 1519. His full posthumous name was Prince Jinghe of Bao'an
  • *****Zhu Bingzhan, Zhu Chengjiao's second son. He initially was made a defender general. He succeeded the princedom from 11 Jul 1527 until his death 1544, after requested the court in 1526. As his succession was originally not approved from the first request, his son could not succeed in the princedom and the title was abolished. His full posthumous name was Prince Gongyi of Bao'an
  • ******Zhu Weijian, Zhu Bingzhan's eldest son. He was made a supporter general and was appointed the head of the clan after the title abolishment.

Princedom of Xingping Comm.

Prince of Xingping Commandery was created in 1402, for Zhu Shangzhou, fourth son of Zhu Shuang, the 1st Prince of Qin. The princedom extinct in 1476 after the last prince died childlessly.
  • Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin
  • *Zhu Shangzhou, fourth son of Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Xingping on 30 September 1402. His full posthumous name was Prince Gongjing of Xingping. His consort was a granddaughter of Tang He.
  • **Zhu Zhinie, Zhu Shangzhou's second son. He succeeded the princedom from 1451 until his death in 1457. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhuanghui of Xingping
  • ***Zhu Gongshuo, Zhu Zhinie's second son. He succeeded the princedom on 14 June 1458, until his death in 1476. As he had not any children, the princedom was extinct after his death. His full posthumous name was '''Prince Anxi of Xingping'''

Princedom of Yongshou Comm.

Prince of Yongshou Commandery was created in 1402, for Zhu Shanghong, fifth son of Zhu Shuang, the 1st Prince of Qin. The princedom was extinct in 1656, during the reign of Yongli Emperor of Southern Ming.
  • Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin
  • *Zhu Shanghong, fifth son of Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Yongshou in 1402 until his death in 1420. His full posthumous name was Prince Huaijian of Yongshou
  • **Zhu Zhizhi, Zhu Shanghong's eldest son. He succeeded the princedom from 1431 to 1470. His full posthumous name was Prince Anhui of Yongshou
  • ***Zhu Gongchan, Zhu Zhizhi's eldest son. He succeeded the princedom from 1472 to 1473. His full posthumous name was Prince Kangding of Yongshou
  • ****Zhu Chenglin . He initially was made a defender general, as his mother was not the primary consort of his father. He succeeded the princedom from 1476 to 1495. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhuangxi of Yongshou
  • *****Zhu Bingdang, eldest son of Zhu Chenglin. He initially was made a defender general, as his mother was not the primary consort of his father. He succeeded the princedom from 1497 to 1538. His full posthumous name was Prince Gonghe of Yongshou
  • ******Zhu Weiyao, eldest son of Zhu Bingdang. He was made a defender general and died before his father. He was posthumous as a Prince of Yongshou under the posthumous title "Prince Huaishun of Yongshou" after his only son succeeded the princedom
  • *******Zhu Huaishan, he succeeded the princedom from 1549 to 1550 after his grandfather's death. His succession was in conflict with his uncle, Zhu Weiyi, as Zhu Weiyi's mother was later made the primary consort. His full posthumous name was Prince Rongjing of Yongshou
  • ********Zhu Jingyong, he succeeded the princedom from 1552 until before 1605. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhaoxian of Yongshou
  • *********Zhu Yikuang, he was designated chief son in 1537. He then succeeded the princedom from 1605 to 1614. His full posthumous name was Prince Kangyu of Yongshou
  • **********Zhu Cunsang, Zhu Yikuang's eldest son. He was designated chief grandson in 1599, then promoted to chief son in 1604. He succeeded the princedom from 1617 to 1644, he was succeeded by his brother after he was captured by Li Zicheng.
  • **********Zhu Cunwu, Zhu Yikuang's second son. He succeeded the princedom under Yongli Emperor's empower, from 1649 to 1656. The princedom was abolished by the Southern Ming court after his childless death.
  • ******Zhu Weiyi, Zhu Bingdang's sixth son. He was made a defender general. He was conflicted with his nephew for the princedom succession.

Princedom of Anding Comm.

Prince of Anding Commandery was created in 1402, for Zhu Shangkai, sixth son of Zhu Shuang, the 1st Prince of Qin. The princedom was abolished in 1419 by Yongle Emperor.
  • Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin
  • *Zhu Shangkai, sixth son of Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Anding in 1402. He was then stripped of his title, deposed as a commoner in 1419 under the crime of treason, and dispatched to Sizhou to guarding the tombs of imperial forefathers. He died before 1452.

Princedom of Yichuan Comm.

Prince of Yichuan Commandery was created in 1426, for Zhu Zhibao, fourth son of Zhu Shangbing, the 2nd Prince of Qin. The prinedom was originally abolished in 1522, then the clan was headed by lower-rank members from 1525. The title recreated again by the Southern Ming court until the extinction in 1652.
  • Zhu Shangbing, Prince Yin of Qin, the 2nd Prince of Qin
  • *Zhu Zhibao, fourth son of Zhu Shangbing, the 2nd Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Yichuan in 1426 until his death in 1448. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhuangjing of Yichuan
  • **Zhu Gongyuan, Zhu Zhibao's eldest son. he succeeded the princedom from 1451 to 1484. His full posthumous name was Prince Rongshun of Yichuan
  • ***Zhu Chengguan, he initially was made a defender general, as his mother was not his father's primary consort. He succeeded the principality from 1490 to 1496. His full posthumous name was Prince Kangxi of Yichuan
  • ****Zhu Bingyu, he succeeded the princedom from 1500 to 1522. The princedom was abolished after his death without any children, and his cousin, Zhu Bingniao was appointed to head the clan. His full posthumous name was Prince Siyu of Yichuan
  • **Unknown line
  • ***Zhu Bingniao, was made a supporter general. He was appointed to head the clan after the abolishment of the title.
  • ****Zhu Weihu, was made a defender lieutenant. He succeeded the headship of the clan after his father's death.
  • **Unknown line
  • ***Zhu Jingdiao, a 6th generation descendants of Zhu Zhibao. He succeeded the princedom until his death in 1652.

Princedom of Lintong Comm.

Prince of Lintong Commandery was created in 1426 for Zhu Gongming, the eldest son of Zhu Zhiqie, the 5th Prince of Qin. The princedom merged after the 3rd Prince of Lintong succeeded the princedom of Qin in 1500.
  • Zhu Zhiqie, [|Prince Kang of Qin, the 5th Prince of Qin]
  • *Zhu Gongming, eldest son of Zhu Zhiqie, Prince Kang of Qin, the 5th Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Lintong in 1442. He was later posthumously honoured under the posthumous title "Prince An of Qin" after his grandson succeeded the princedom of Qin. His original full posthumous name was Prince Huijian of Lintong
  • **Zhu Chengrun, Zhu Gongming's eldest son. He initially was made a defender general and appointed as the head of the clan in 1501 after his nephew succeeded the princedom of Qin. He was later posthumously honoured under the posthumous title "Comm. Prince Jing'an Lintong", and then "Prince Gong of Qin" after his great-grandson succeeded the princedom of Qin.
  • **Zhu Chengcan, Zhu Gongming's fourth son and eldest son by his primary consort. He succeeded the princedom from 1477 to 1492. He was later posthumously honoured under the posthumous title "Prince Zhuang of Qin" after his son succeeded the princedom of Qin. His original full posthumous name was Prince Hexi of Lintong
  • **Zhu Bingshuang, Zhu Chengcan's second son. He initially was made a defender general, he succeeded the princedom from 1495 to 1500, he was later succeeded the princedom of Qin.

Princedom of Heyang Comm.

Prince of Heyang Commandery was created in 1426 for Zhu Gongtang, the fourth son of Zhu Zhiqie, the 5th Prince of Qin. The princedom was abolished in 1508 by the Ming court and headed by the senior-most members.
  • Zhu Zhiqie, Prince Kang of Qin, the 5th Prince of Qin
  • *Zhu Gongtang, fourth son of Zhu Zhiqie, Prince Kang of Qin, the 5th Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Heyang in 1426 until his death in 1471. His full posthumous name was Prince Huigong of Heyang
  • *Zhu Chenghong, Zhu Gongtang's eldest son. He initially was made a defender general. He succeeded the princedom from 1473 to 1494. His full posthumous name was Prince Wengmu of Heyang
  • **Zhu Bingrou, died young.
  • *Zhu Chengfen, Zhu Gongtang's second son, was made a defender general. He was originally the heir presumptive to the princedom after the death of his eldest brother. He asked for the succession but died before the official announcement from the court.
  • **Zhu Bingju, was made a bulwark general. He asked for the succession of princedom after his father's death but was not approved. He was instead made the head of the clan in 1509.
  • ***Zhu Weiyi, Zhu Bingju's eldest son, was made a supporter general. He succeeded the headship of the clan from 1509.
  • ****Zhu Huaiqiao, was made a defender lieutenant. He succeeded the headship of the clan after his father.
  • *****Zhu Jingfu, was made a bulwark lieutenant. He succeeded the headship of the clan after his father.
  • ******Zhu Yiti, was made a supporter lieutenant. He succeeded the headship of the clan after his father in 1621.
  • *******Succession of headship unknown
  • ***Zhu Weida, Zhu Bingju's second son, was made a supporter general.
  • *Zhu Chenghui, Zhu Gongtang's third son. He initially was made a defender general, then succeeded the princedom from 1499 unofficially. His full posthumous name was Prince Dao'an of Heyang
  • **Zhu Bingxi, he succeeded the princedom from 1508. His full posthumous name was Prince Anxi of Heyang. As his succession was a special bestow, the princedom was abolished after his death.

Princedom of Yanyang Comm.

Prince of Yanyang Commandery was created in 1446 for Zhu Gongcheng, the fifth son of Zhu Zhiqie, the 5th Prince of Qin. The princedom became extinct in 1554.
  • Zhu Zhiqie, Prince Kang of Qin, the 5th Prince of Qin
  • *Zhu Gongcheng, fifth son of Zhu Zhiqie, Prince Kang of Qin, the 5th Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Yanyang in 1446 and until his death in 1495. His full posthumous name was Prince Duanyi of Yanyang.
  • **Zhu Chenglie, Zhu Gongcheng's second son, he succeeded the princedom from 1508 to 1554. His full posthumous name was Prince Anyu of Yanyang
  • ***Zhu Bingzhen, he succeeded the princedom from 1508 to 1554. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhuangjing of Yanyang. As his succession was a special bestow, the princedom was abolished after his death.