Post-Soviet transition in Ukraine
The post-Soviet transition in Ukraine was the period following the country's independence in 1991 up until the adoption of its constitution in 1996.
Geography
Ukraine's territory was the same as that of the Ukrainian SSR with a land area of about.History
Independence
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the founding states of the Soviet Union. Prior to its creation, the Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed in 1917 and declared its independence from Russia on 25 January 1918 before being consumed by Soviet Russia in 1921.In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became head of state of the USSR and introduced several policies, such as the perestroika and glasnost. Instead of saving the Soviet regime, the reforms triggered a number of popular upheavals in Europe, such as the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
Between 1990 and 1991, several republics of the Soviet Union proclaimed their state sovereignty and then announced their independence. On 16 July 1990, the Ukrainian SSR's parliament issued its 12th legislation proclaiming the sovereignty of Ukraine's territory and the country eventually declared its independence on 24 August 1991. The declaration was then confirmed by the results of the 1991 [Ukrainian independence referendum|referendum on December 1] later that year, where 90,3 % of voters were in favor of independence. The same day, Leonid Kravchuk, head of the Supreme Council of Ukraine, was elected as the country's first president. Shortly after, an economic then political crisis developed and Kravchuk organized another presidential election as a response. In 1992, Mykola Plaviuk, the exiled Ukrainian president, handed over powers to Kravchuk, thus declaring the Ukrainian government a legal successor to the Ukrainian People's Republic.