Posoqueria latifolia


Posoqueria latifolia, also known as Needle Flower Tree, is a species of shrub or tree in the family Rubiaceae native to the region spanning from Mexico to tropical South America. Its most remarkable feature is the floral tube of the white flower, which is only 2 or 3 mm wide, but up to long. It is pollinated by a sphinx moth.

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Posoqueria latifolia is a 3–25 m tall shrub or tree with smooth, gray bark and numerous branches.

Generative characteristics

The terminal inflorescence bears pedicellate, tubular, elongate, sphingophilous, nectariferous, fragrant, conspicuous, white flowers. The flower has five petals. The yellow fruit bears numerous seeds.

Cytology

The chromosome count is 2n = 32, 34, or 36.

Taxonomy

It was first described as Solena latifolia by Edward Rudge in 1805. It was transferred to the genus Posoqueria as Posoqueria latifolia by Josef August Schultes in 1819. Sometimes Josef August Schultes and Johann Jacob Roemer are credited with the transfer.

Etymology

The specific epithet latifolia means broad-leaved.

Subspecies

It has two subspecies:
  • Posoqueria latifolia subsp. gracilis
  • Posoqueria latifolia subsp. ''latifolia''

Distribution and habitat

It occurs in lowland tropical rainforest and in cloud forests of Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

Ecology

The flowers are moth-pollinated. The fruit is eaten by mammals. The seeds are dispersed by animals, such as monkeys.

Conservation

The IUCN conservation status is Least Concern.

Use

The sweet or poorly flavoured, yellow fruit is edible. It is used as an ornamental plant.

Common names

It has many common names: Needle Flower Tree, Tree Jasmine, Guayaba de Mono, Boca de vieja., Azuceno de monte, and baga-de-macaco.