Porpolomopsis calyptriformis
Porpolomopsis calyptriformis, commonly known as the pink wax cap, ballerina waxcap or salmon waxy cap, is a species of agaric in the family Hygrophoraceae. The species has a European distribution, occurring mainly in agriculturally unimproved grassland. Threats to its habitat have resulted in the species being assessed as globally "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. A similar but as yet unnamed species occurs in North America.
Taxonomy
The species was first described in 1838 by the Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley as Agaricus calyptraeformis, based on specimens he collected locally in England. In 1889, Swiss mycologist Victor Fayod moved it to the genus Hygrocybe. The specific epithet comes from Greek καλὐπτρα + Latin forma, hence "veil-shaped".In 2008, Bresinsky proposed the genus Porpolomopsis to accommodate the species. Recent molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, found that P. calyptriformis does not belong in Hygrocybe sensu stricto and confirmed its removal to Porpolomopsis.
Description
The basidiocarps are agaricoid, the cap narrowly conical at first, retaining an acute umbo when expanded, up to across, often splitting when expanded, the margins turning upwards. The cap surface is smooth to fibrillose, slightly shiny or greasy, pale rose-pink to lilac-pink. The lamellae are widely spaced, waxy, cap-coloured or whiter. The stipe is up to long, smooth, white to pale cap-coloured, lacking a ring. The spore print is white, the spores smooth, inamyloid, ellipsoid, c. 6.5 to 8.0 by 4.5 to 5.5 μm.The species can normally be distinguished in the field, thanks to its shape and colour. No other European waxcap is pink with a pointed cap.
Distribution and habitat
The Pink Waxcap is widespread but generally rare throughout Europe, with its stronghold in the United Kingdom, where it is not uncommon. Like other waxcaps it occurs in old, agriculturally unimproved short-sward grassland. The species has been reported from North America, but specimens that have been DNA-sequenced are not the same as the European P. calyptriformis.Recent research suggests waxcaps are neither mycorrhizal nor saprotrophic but may be associated with mosses.