Porongurup National Park


Porongurup National Park is a national park in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. It covers, and is southeast of Perth and north of Albany.
The park contains the Porongurup Range, which is the relic core of an ancient mountain range formed in the Precambrian over 1200 million years ago. The Porongurup Range forms part of the Southwest Biodiversity Hotspot, which is one of 34 regions in the world noted for a rich diversity of flora and fauna species. The range contains many peaks and hiking trails, with the highest point being Devils Slide at, followed by Nancy's Peak at. Castle Rock is capped with The Granite Skywalk, a steel viewing platform which provides panoramic views of the surrounding karri forest.

History

The Porongurup Range is culturally significant to the Mineng and Koreng/Goreng sub-groups of the Noongar people. Minang man Larry Blight states:
The Porongurup Range was first sighted by Europeans passing near Albany in 1802 but farming in the surrounding districts did not start until around 1859 when vegetables were first grown on the southern slopes of the range. The giant karri and jarrah trees of the range were first harvested for timber in the 1880s and timber leases did not begin to be withdrawn until 1925. The National Park was not gazetted officially until 1971, with an area of. This has now been increased to.

Geomorphology

The Porongurup Range is from east to west and consists of porphyritic granite peaks levelled into domes. The range is the remnant of a sizeable reservoir of molten granite that bubbled up when the Antarctic continent struck Australia in the Stenian Period of the Mesoproterozoic Era, around 1.2 billion years ago.
The sea levels of the late Cretaceous were around higher than today and during this time the Porongurup Range was an island surrounded by the sea.

Ecology

Flora

The Porongurup National Park contains over 700 native plant species and at least 300 macrofungi species. At least nine flora species are unique and found only in the park. Examples of plant groups present include: heaths, especially beard-heaths ; peas, notably flame-peas, bitter-peas and poison-peas ; native myrtles ; pimeleas, notably rice flowers ; sundews and pitcher plants ; bloodroots, conostyles, kangaroo paws and their allies ; and banksias and grevilleas. It is also important for richness in lilies, orchids and allies, notably native lilies, irises and allies, and orchids.
High granite peaks create their own micro-climates due to their altitude and their capacity to attract topographic rainfall. This maintains cooler and moister climate conditions than the surrounding low-lying plains. A remnant island of karri forest prevails here, hundreds of kilometres east of the cool southwest cape where they are more commonly found. They thrive in the granitic soils and cool, moist air.
On lateritic soils downslope, the predominant type of vegetation is a mixed forest of jarrah and marri, whilst on the highly exposed and frequently waterlogged summits, an open mossy herbland prevails.

Fauna

The mammal species in the National Park include the western grey kangaroo, brushtail possum, pygmy possum, mardo, mooti, quenda and honey possum.
Seventy-one bird species including the red-eared firetail and Baudin's black cockatoo are also found in the park.
At least 17 reptile species are known to inhabit the park including King's skink, the southern heath monitor and the marbled gecko. Several tree frog and southern frog species are also evident.
Invertebrates present in the National Park include Gondwanan relictual species such as the Porongurup Trapdoor Spider and the Proshermacha trapdoor spider, land snails and giant earthworms. Other invertebrates include peacock spiders, velvet worms and the social crab spider.

Climate

The plains surrounding the Porongurup Range have an annual rainfall of around to the south and around on the northern side. Most of this rain falls between April and October: although light showers are common in the summer months, the average rainfall between November and March totals only around in the southern plains and less than to the north. Summer temperatures on the plains average a very warm in the daytime and decline to around at night. In winter, although it can be rainy, temperatures average a very pleasant during the day and a cool in the morning.
Temperatures on the peaks are around lower than on the plains, and snow has occasionally fallen on the ranges.

Fire and cyclones

In 1978, Cyclone Alby felled many trees within the National Park.
On 11 February 2007, a fire began on private property near the north-west corner of the park. It quickly spread into the native vegetation and raced up the steep slopes within hours. Volunteer fire crews and Department's firefighters battled the fast-moving blaze and managed to contain it overnight after it had burnt around 50% of the park. The fire broke containment lines on Monday afternoon and spread further through the park and into private property to the north-east. Fire crews, including aerial support from six water bomber planes, continued the battle to contain the blaze and by Tuesday morning it was again under control though still burning freely within the containment zone. Water bombers paid special attention to tourist facilities and special habitats, including an area where endangered noisy scrub birds had been released. By Wednesday morning the fire had burnt through around 95% of the national park.
As many of the trees and vegetation are native to the region, it is expected that the park will, to a large extent, recover in the months after the fire. By early April, Kingia australis plants were re-shooting and flowering abundantly in heavily burnt areas but the legacy of the fire will be felt for some time to come. Local populations of kangaroos and other wildlife were injured and local residents assisted in their care and recovery where possible. There has not been such a devastating fire in the region since the 1960s.

Features

The park includes a number of significant tourist features and walk trails.