Polyhex


In recreational mathematics, a polyhex is a polyform with a regular hexagon as the base form, constructed by joining together 1 or more hexagons. Specific forms are named by their number of hexagons: monohex, dihex, trihex, tetrahex, etc. They were named by David Klarner who investigated them.
Each individual polyhex tile and tessellation polyhexes and can be drawn on a regular hexagonal tiling.

Construction rules

The rules for joining hexagons together may vary. Generally, however, the following rules apply:
  1. Two hexagons may be joined only along a common edge, and must share the entirety of that edge.
  2. No two hexagons may overlap.
  3. A polyhex must be connected. Configurations of disconnected basic polygons do not qualify as polyhexes.
  4. The mirror image of an asymmetric polyhex is not considered a distinct polyhex.

Tessellation properties

All of the polyhexes with fewer than five hexagons can form at least one regular plane tiling.
In addition, the plane tilings of the dihex and straight polyhexes are invariant under 180 degrees rotation or reflection parallel or perpendicular to the long axis of the dihex, and the hexagon tiling and some other polyhexes are invariant under 60, 120 or 180 degree rotation.
In addition, the hexagon is a hexiamond, so all polyhexes are also distinct polyiamonds. Also, as an equilateral triangle is a hexagon and three smaller equilateral triangles it is possible to superimpose a large polyiamond on any polyhex, giving two polyiamonds corresponding to each polyhex. This is used as the basis of an infinite division of a hexagon into smaller and smaller hexagons or into hexagons and triangles.

Enumeration

As with polyominoes, polyhexes may be enumerated as free polyhexes, fixed polyhexes and one-sided polyhexes. They may also be distinguished according to whether they may contain holes. The number of free -hexes for = 1, 2, 3, … is 1, 1, 3, 7, 22, 82, 333, 1448, … ; the number of free polyhexes with holes is given by ; the number of free polyhexes without holes is given by ; the number of one-sided polyhexes is given by ; the number of fixed polyhexes is given by.

Symmetry

Of the polyhexes up to hexahexes, 2 have 6-fold rotation and reflection symmetry, the monohex and the hexahex with a hole, 3 others have 3-fold rotation and 3-fold reflection symmetry, 9 others have 2-fold rotation and reflection, 8 have just two fold rotation, 16 just have 2-fold reflection and the other 78 are asymmetrical. The tilings of most of the reflection-symmetrical polyhexes are also invariant under glide reflections of the same order by the length of the polyhex.

Monohexes

There is one monohex. It tiles the plane as a regular hexagonal tiling.

Dihexes

There is one free dihex:

Trihexes

There are 3 free and two-sided trihexes:

Tetrahexes

There are 7 free and two-sided tetrahexes. They are given names, in the order shown: bar, worm, pistol, propeller, arch, bee, and wave.

Pentahexes

There are 22 free and two-sided pentahexes:

Hexahexes

There are 82 free and two-sided hexahexes: