Polokwane
Polokwane, also known as Pietersburg, is the capital city of the Limpopo Province in South Africa. It is the country's largest urban centre north of Gauteng. It was one of the nine host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
History
Early history
In the 1840s, Voortrekkers under the leadership of Andries Hendrik Potgieter established Zoutpansbergdorp, a town to the north. This settlement had to be abandoned because of clashes with the local tribes, they founded a new town in 1886 and named it "Pietersburg" in honour of Voortrekker leader Petrus Jacobus Joubert. A small number of Indian/Asian and coloured people settled into the region before the end of the 19th century. It was the capital of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State for a short time in 1900 during the Second Boer War. The British occupied Pietersburg in 1901 and built a concentration camp to incarcerate almost 4,000 Boer women and children.Years of apartheid
Like many places in South Africa at the time of apartheid, racial segregation and inequality were fundamentally ingrained into the town, following the end of the Second Boer War, together with the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, institutional laws were in place in terms of divided urban planning which were implemented continuously throughout this era. The commencement of apartheid in 1948 meant that Pietersburg was clearly segregated in both residential regions and for business ventures.The institutionalization of the notorious Group Areas Act in 1950 and its amendments in 1966 ensured that the spatial development of the Central Business District was exclusively for whites and other regions of the CBD being exclusively for other races such as "Indian centre" for Indians/Asians, many regions were designated to only a specific race of people such as the suburbs of Nirvana and Westernburg at the northwest of the town only being occupied by Indian/Asian and Coloured groups respectively, while the suburb of Bendor being reserved for Whites. The townships of Seshego and Mankweng were occupied by the Black population. Removals of minority groups for white residency, whites-only owned industrial sectors and a regular barrier between people of different races were heavily enforced.
Since 1994
The town officially became a city on 23 April 1992 and on 27 April 1994, it became the capital of the newly formed Northern Transvaal province following the 1994 South African general elections. On 25 February 2005, the government declared the official name of the city as Polokwane, a name that was generally in use by the speakers of Northern Sotho. The city was host to the 52nd national conference of the African National Congress, held in December 2007 at the University of Limpopo and saw Jacob Zuma voted as President of the ANC, beating former president Thabo Mbeki.Today the city of Polokwane has seen respectable development in terms of its infrastructure and services as provides a wide variety of shopping venues and malls, restaurants, entertainment venues, religious venues, civic halls, as well as modern housing developments and office buildings.
Political governance
The Polokwane Municipality is run by the African National Congress with a 60% majority obtained in the latest 2021 Municipal Elections. In a by-election held on 24 April 2024, Ward 10 was won by ANC councillor candidate after the arrest and resignation of the previous Economic Freedom Fighters councillor Jacob Seshokadue due to alleged theft of firearms.Demographics
The population in 2011 was about 130,000. Roughly 45.9% of people in the city are Sepedi speakers. A large portion of the white population are Afrikaners, and roughly 10,000 residents are English-speaking whites who are primarily South Africans of British descent and White Zimbabweans, the latter of whom primarily moved to the area since 2000. Roughly 6.7% of people are Venda people.| Population Group | Percentage |
| African | 74.4% |
| Coloured | 3.7% |
| Indian/Asian | 3.1% |
| White | 18.2% |
Districts/suburbs/townships
The city is divided into seven clusters and forty-five wards.- Mankweng Cluster with wards: 06,07,25,26,27,28,34
- Moletjie Cluster with wards: 09,10,15,16,18,35,36,38
- Molepo / Chuene / Maja Cluster with wards: 1,2,3,4,5
- Sebayeng / Dikgale Cluster with wards: 24,29,32,33,30,31
- Aganang Cluster with wards: 40,41,42,43,44,45
- City Cluster with wards: 08;19,20,21,22,23,39
- Seshego Cluster with wards: 11,12,13,14,17,37
Besides the above-mentioned suburbs in the city, four of the clusters represent suburbs around the city:
- The Seshego cluster - on the north-west outskirts of the city.
- Molepo/Maja/Chuene cluster - 20 km south of the city centre.
- Mankweng cluster - 20 km east of the city centre.
- Sebayeng/Dikgale cluster - 30 km northeast of the city centre.
Climate
The city has a dry climate with a summer rainy season and a pronounced dry spell during winter. Average annual rainfall is, with December or January the wettest month and July the driest.
Transport
Roads
The city lies roughly halfway between Gauteng and the Zimbabwean border on the N1 toll highway, which connects Zimbabwe with the major cities of South Africa, such as Pretoria, Johannesburg, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town.The R37 provincial route connects the city with Mbombela. Running east, the R71 connects the city with Tzaneen, Phalaborwa, Bushbuckridge, and the Kruger National Park. To north-east, is the R81 connecting the city with Giyani and Malamulele. The R521 connects the city with Alldays and the R567 via Seshego connects Polokwane with the N11. The R71 is also well known to bikers who ride through the city annually, making it the biggest bike meeting in Africa.
The Nelson Mandela road traffic island is situated on the outskirts of Polokwane when approaching from the direction of Johannesburg. It was built prior to the 2010 FIFA World Cup as part of beautifying the city for the event.
A number of private bus services run in the city and also services connect Polokwane to other major centres in the country.
Air
The city is served by two airports. A public airport, the Polokwane International Airport, which is to the north of the city, while the smaller Pietersburg Civil Aerodrome is at the south-east of the city.Railways
The city is connected to Johannesburg and other major centres by rail. Agricultural produce in the area, including tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar cane, peanuts, tea, bananas, and avocados, is also transported by freight rail.Society and culture
Media
The South African Broadcasting Corporation has a branch in the city. The city also hosts a branch of the country's largest independent radio station, Jacaranda RM/FM, which is broadcast from either Pretoria, Nelspruit or Polokwane itself.The first commercial radio station in Limpopo, CapricornFM, broadcasts from the city. Two additional radio stations are also situated in Polokwane. These include Energy FM and Munghana Lonene FM.
The city has a selection of locally distributed newspapers. Two notable newspapers include The Review and The Polokwane Observer.
Gambling
The Sun International casino and hotel is in the city. Meropa Casino and Entertainment World is a Moroccan-style, 24-hour casino with various outdoor entertainment amenities such as go-karts, minigolf, and a wildlife park.Museums, monuments and memorials
- The Bakone Malapa Northern Sotho Open-Air Museum — Depicts the traditional and modern-day lifestyle of the Bakone people. The museum is centred on a traditional village still occupied by members of the tribe, who sell various crafts to tourists. Background information can be obtained in the visitor centre. Within the museum complex are archaeological sites with remains of iron- and copper-smelting installations, as well as rock paintings from around 1000 B.C.
- Eersteling Monuments — The site of the country's first gold crushing site and its first gold power plant are marked by monuments.
- The Hugh Exton Photographic Museum — the former Dutch Reformed Church building
- The Irish House — Historic building which functions as a museum.
Places of worship