Pointe de Givet National Nature Reserve
The Pointe de Givet National Nature Reserve is a national nature reserve of the Grand Est region of France. Established in 1999, it spreads over 354 hectares and protects a group of sites recognised for their rich geology, flora and fauna.
Localisation
At the northern end of the Ardennes department, the nature reserve territory consists of 11 entities localized on the communes of Charnois, Chooz, Foisches, Fromelennes, Givet, and Rancennes for a total area of 354 hectares.History of site and reserve
The sector has been known by naturalists since at least the 19th century for its geological riches and flora. To protect this deteriorating heritage, "La Valenne" association solicited the classification as national nature reserve of the most notable natural environments of the site known as Pointe de Givet in 1990. The classification procedure succeeded in 1999, and governing bodies have been designed in 2000.Ecology
The nature reserve offers a landscape composed of forests, moors, dry lawns as well as spectacular rocky escarpments. Its interest is geological, floral and faunal. Five main natural habitat types can be found:- "mineral" substrates
- habitats with short herbaceous vegetation
- areas of shrub vegetation
- afforestation
- semi-natural anthropogenic habitats
Geology
Givet Pointe's geology presents several unusual aspects. Of educational interest, they justify national nature reserve classification. The Meuse valley deeply cuts into limestone and it is here that Jules Gosselet defined the Givétien stratotype in 1879. But rocks diversity is broad; in addition to a limestone known as, there are shales, sandstones, an old fluorite quarry and many fossils, notably trilobites. Some limestone caves complete the inventory with their stalactites and stalagmites.Flora
The geographical location of Givet Pointe, with the spectacular relief of certain sites, and the existence of hot and dry micro-climates, have allowed the development of a southern flora which is exceptional at this latitude. The nature reserve flora inventory reports 461 species, including 156 remarkable among which 11 are protected in Champagne-Ardenne. The Regional Red List has 35 registered species such as white mugwort, the wild cotoneaster, cat's-foot, monkey orchid and bloody geranium.Fauna
The variety of natural environments provides habitats for more than 320 animal species, including insects, bats and birds.Twenty mammal species have been identified. The richness in insects and existence of caves explain the presence of 12 species of bats, some of which fall under the Habitats Directive : lesser horseshoe bat, greater horseshoe bat, greater mouse-eared bat and Geoffroy's bat.
Over 70 species of birds have been identified, a third of which are registered on the Regional Red List, such as the Eurasian eagle-owl, European nightjar and woodlark.
Reptiles like the common European adder and the smooth snake are fond of rocky areas.
As of 2020, 171 insect species have thus far been identified, including 78 Lepidoptera Papilionoidea such as Erebia medusa, the silver-studded blue, large copper and the marsh fritillary. There are also around 30 species of Orthoptera such as the blue-winged grasshopper, the grey bush cricket, the Tetrix bipunctata and the wart-biter.
State, pressures or threats, responses
The nature reserve splitting into 11 entities leads to significant ecological fragmentation. Numerous after-effects of war dot the territory. In the absence of large wild herbivorous mammals, there is a tendency for open areas to become overgrown.Tourism and educational interest
It is linked to natural habitats, landscapes and biodiversity they shelter, but also to geological riches of the site and its cultural aspects. Givet Point is an old traffic area of strategic interest that has left its mark:- Fortress of Charlemont ;
- France's Gate ;
- Grégoire tower ;
- Haurs Mount Fortress .