The initial name of the settlement was Pošitovice or Požitovice. The name was derived from the personal name Pošit or Požit, meaning "the village of Pošit's/Požit's people".
The first written mention of Poštovice is from 1186. In the 14th century, the village was divided into several parts, which had different owners. Some of the parts were owned by local noblemen and some of then were a property of the monastery in Roudnice nad Labem. After the Hussite Wars, when the monastery was destroyed, Poštovice were united and owned by various lower noblemen. In 1654, the village was annexed to the Zlonice estate. From 1721, the estate was owned by the Kinsky family.
Transport
There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.