Plaza de Isabel II
The Plaza de Isabel II is a historic public square between the Sol and Palacio wards in the central district of Madrid. The plaza is at the convergence of and the minor roads Arrieta,, Caños del Peral, Escalinata and Vergara. It was formed by filling the ravine created by the Arenal stream and the source of the Fountain of the [Pear Tree Canals|Fountain of the Canals of the Pear Tree]. The square occupies part of the site where the old stood between 1738 and 1817.
The Teatro Real opera house, which sits on the western edge of the plaza, was ordered to be constructed by Isabel II for whom the plaza is now named.
Background
In the Middle Ages, a ravine formed by Madrid's Arenal stream served as a natural defensive moat on the edge of the Christian wall, near the. Some remains of the ravine are preserved in the adjacent roads, as is the tower of the. Between the 15th and 18th centuries, this space was known as the "Caños del Peral" and is thought to be the source of the Walls del Arrabal.After the 1868 Glorious Revolution, the square was called Plaza de Prim, after Juan Prim, although it was popularly known as "Plaza del Barranco" due to the depression formed by the slope of Arenal Street and the. These gullies would be later filled during the reign of Isabel II when the Royal Theater was built.
Also in 1868, a statue of Isabel II, commissioned by, and made by sculptor, was placed in the center of the square. A year later, the statue was taken down and placed in the Royal Theater. It was replaced by an allegorical sculpture of Comedy by sculptor Francisco Elías Vallejo. The statue of Isabel II was returned to the square in 1905.