Place Charles de Gaulle
The Place Charles de Gaulle, historically known as the Place de l'Étoile, is a large road junction in Paris, France, the meeting point of twelve straight avenues including the Champs-Élysées. It was renamed in 1970, following the death of former President Charles de Gaulle. It is still often referred to by its original name; the nearby Métro and RER station retains the designation Charles de Gaulle–Étoile. Paris's Axe historique cuts through the Arc de Triomphe, which stands at the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle.
History
The original name of the area was the Butte Chaillot. At the time, it was the point of convergence of several hunting trails. The Marquis de Marigny constructed monumental roadworks, completed in 1777, on the mound when he was establishing the plantations along the Champs-Élysées. The junction included paving of the road in the form of a star, as it still exists today and became known as the Place de l'Étoile.In 1787, the Wall of the Ferme générale, and the two toll houses of the Barrière de l'Étoile were built to the design of Claude Nicolas Ledoux for the collection of the octroi tax at the entrance to Paris. They were located on either side of the Place de l'Étoile until their demolition after 1859.
Between 1806 and 1836, the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile was built to the design of Jean-François Chalgrin. It was originally commissioned by Emperor Napoleon I during the First French Empire and inaugurated three decades later by King Louis Philippe I under the July Monarchy.
The avenues radiating from the Place de l'Étoile were created during the Second French Empire of Emperor Napoleon III as part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris. The square was completely redesigned with avenues de Bezons, Joséphine, Kléber, de Saint-Cloud, Essling, Prince-Jérôme forming with the Champs-Élysées and other existing avenues a star around the Arc de Triomphe.
In 1864, the circular street surrounding the Place de l'Étoile was named Rue de Presbourg and Rue de Tilsitt, after the diplomatic successes of Napoleon which led to the signing of the Treaty of Presbourg in 1805 and the Treaties of Tilsit in 1807.
Since 1921, beneath the Arc de Triomphe lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. After the death of President Charles de Gaulle in 1970, the Place de l'Étoile was renamed the Place Charles de Gaulle.
Description
Map
The Place Charles de Gaulle has a diameter of, giving it an area of approximately. It is the second largest square in Paris, after the Place de la Concorde. At the centre of the square stands the Arc de Triomphe, which is accessible via a pedestrian underpass, to avoid the confluence of vehicular traffic from the juncture of twelve radiating avenues.Avenues
The twelve avenues, clockwise from the north, are the following:- Avenue de Wagram and Boulevard de l'Étoile or Boulevard Bezons before
- Avenue Hoche: Avenue de la Reine-Hortense during the Second Empire and Boulevard Monceau before
- Avenue de Friedland since the Second Empire and Boulevard Beaujon before
- Avenue des Champs-Élysées
- Avenue Marceau: Avenue Joséphine during the Second Empire
- Avenue d'Iéna
- Avenue Kléber: Avenue du Roi-de-Rome during the Second Empire and Boulevard de Passy before
- Avenue Victor-Hugo: Avenue d'Eylau during the Second Empire and Avenue de Saint-Cloud before
- Avenue Foch: Avenue du Bois during the Third Republic and Avenue de l'Impératrice during the Second Empire
- Avenue de la Grande Armée during the Second Empire and Avenue de Neuilly before
- Avenue Carnot: Avenue d'Essling during the Second Empire
- Avenue Mac-Mahon: Avenue du Prince-Jérôme during the Second Empire
Axes
The Place Charles de Gaulle is symmetrical and thus has six axes:- Axis Avenue de Wagram and Avenue Kléber
- Axis Avenue Hoche and Avenue Victor-Hugo
- Axis Avenue de Friedland and Avenue Foch
- Axis Avenue des Champs-Élysées and Avenue de la Grande Armée which is the Axe historique of Paris
- Axis Avenue Marceau and Avenue Carnot
- Axis Avenue d'Iéna and Avenue Mac-Mahon