Pine–oak forest
Pine–oak forest, pine–oak woodland, or oak–pine forest is a group of similar of ecosystems, primarily found in North and Central America. These areas are dominated by pine and oak trees. Under the Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems classification these are denoted as FRES 14. FRES14 includes the Kuchler system forest types of cedar–hemlock–Douglas-fir forest, Douglas-fir forest, California mixed evergreen forest, and Mosaic of cedar-hemlock-douglas-fir forest and Oregon oakwoods.
A pine–oak forest can be a stage in ecological succession between pine forests and oak forests. It can also be a long-term stable stage.
Examples include:
- Central American pine–oak forests
- Central Appalachian dry oak–pine forest
- Central Appalachian pine–oak rocky woodland
- Madrean pine–oak woodlands
- Mesoamerican pine–oak forests
- Pine-oak Forests, Puebla
- Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests
- Sierra Madre Occidental pine–oak forests
- Sierra Madre Oriental pine–oak forests
- Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests
- Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests
- Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests
- Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests