Pinch hitter
In baseball, a pinch hitter is a substitute batter. Batters can be substituted at any time while the ball is dead. The manager may use any player who has not yet entered the game as a substitute. Like association football but unlike basketball, American football and ice hockey, baseball does not have a free substitution rule at the professional level and thus the replaced player is not allowed back into that game. The pinch hitter assumes the spot in the batting order of the player whom he replaces. Pinch hitters are commonly used to replace a weak hitter or to gain a platoon advantage.
The player chosen to be a pinch hitter is often a backup infielder or outfielder whose defensive skills are limited. In Major League Baseball, catchers are less likely to be called upon to pinch-hit, because most teams have only two catchers. Pitchers are rarely used as pinch hitters, because they tend to be worse hitters than other players on the team. However, some pitchers have been used as pinch hitters; this tactic had almost vanished by the 1980s, but later saw a comeback in situations when benches have diminished due to injuries, offering few other options beyond a team's 12 or 13 pitchers.
MLB, the Pacific League of Nippon Professional Baseball, the KBO League, the Liga Mexicana de Béisbol, and various other leagues use the designated hitter rule, such that pitchers rarely bat. This eliminates one possible situation in which a pinch hitter may be more desirable.
For statistical and scorekeeping purposes, the pinch hitter is denoted by "PH".
Usage
Pinch hitters are often used to replace a starting player because of injury or when the pinch hitter is thought to have a better chance of reaching the base or helping other runners to score.When the designated hitter rule is not in effect, pinch hitters are often substituted for the pitcher in the middle or late innings of a game. This is because pitchers are usually poor hitters and may become less effective after six to seven innings of pitching. Thus, as the manager typically plans to replace the pitcher in the next inning, the player being replaced cannot re-enter the game, the major downside of using a pinch hitter.
This use of a pinch hitter is normally part of a double switch, in which a relief pitcher replaces a defensive player who will not bat soon, and at the same time a defensive player replaces the pitcher who is scheduled to bat soon. If a player acts as a pinch hitter and his team bats around in the inning, he may come to the plate a second time. The second times he bats in the inning are not considered pinch-hitting appearances.
The pinch hitter need not assume the same position as the player for whom he pinch-hits as long as some other player assumes that position. For example, on August 16, 2009, the Washington Nationals' Ryan Zimmerman pinch-hit for second baseman Alberto González and then remained in the game at third base, with previous third baseman Ronnie Belliard switching positions to play second base after the change. Alternatively, the manager may designate another player to replace the pinch hitter; this scenario is common when a team pinch-hits for a pitcher without executing a double switch, such that the new pitcher then replaces the pinch hitter and assumes the previous pitcher's place in the batting order.
If a pinch hitter hits for the DH, the new pinch hitter stays in the game as a DH, and may not be used in the field. If the new DH does take the field, then the team forfeits the DH for the remainder of the game.
MLB all-time pinch hit leaders
This is a list of players with the most pinch hits in Major League Baseball history. Names which appear in bold are active players. Includes games through July 22, 2011.| Rank | Player | Hits |
| 1 | Lenny Harris | 212 |
| 2 | Mark Sweeney | 175 |
| 3 | Manny Mota | 149 |
| 4 | Smoky Burgess | 145 |
| 5 | Greg Gross | 143 |
| 6 | Dave Hansen | 138 |
| 7 | John Vander Wal | 129 |
| 8 | José Morales | 123 |
| 9 | Orlando Palmeiro | 120 |
| 10 | Jerry Lynch | 116 |
| 11 | Red Lucas | 114 |
| 12 | Steve Braun | 113 |
| 13 | Terry Crowley | 108 |
| 14 | Denny Walling | 108 |
| 15 | Gates Brown | 107 |
| 16 | Matt Stairs | 105 |
| 17 | Jim Dwyer | 103 |
| 18 | Mike Lum | 103 |
| 19 | Rusty Staub | 100 |
| 20 | Dave Clark | 96 |
| 21 | Greg Dobbs | 96 |
| 22 | Vic Davalillo | 95 |
All-time pinch hit records
- Most pinch-hit at-bats
- Most pinch hits career
- Most pinch-hit grand slams
- Most pinch-hit home runs
- Most pinch-hit game-winning grand slams
- Most pinch-hit grand slams by one team in a season
Single season pinch hit records
- Most pinch hit games
- Most pinch hit plate appearances
- Most pinch hit at-bats
- Most pinch hits
- Most consecutive pinch hits
- Most pinch hit home runs
- Most pinch hit game winning grand slam home runs
- Most pinch hit home runs for a team in a game
- Most pinch hit RBI
- Most pinch hit walks
Pinch hit home runs
- The following players have been called into a game and hit a pinch-hit home run during their first ever Major League at-bat: