Phosphate mineral
Phosphate minerals are minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate anion, sometimes with arsenate and vanadate substitutions, along with chloride, fluoride, and hydroxide anions, that also fit into the crystal structure.
The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.
Applications
Phosphate rock has high concentration of phosphate minerals, most commonly from the apatite group of minerals. It is the major resource mined to produce phosphate fertilizers for the agricultural industry. Phosphate is also used in animal feed supplements, food preservatives, anti-corrosion agents, cosmetics, fungicides, ceramics, water treatment and metallurgy.The production of fertilizer is the largest source responsible for minerals mined for their phosphate content.
Phosphate minerals are often used to control rust, and to prevent corrosion on ferrous materials applied with electrochemical conversion coatings.
Examples
Phosphate minerals include:- Triphylite LiPO4
- Monazite PO4, rare earth metals
- Hinsdalite PbAl36
- Pyromorphite Pb53Cl
- Amblygonite LiAlPO4F
- Lazulite Al222
- Wavellite Al323·5H2O
- Turquoise CuAl648·5H2O
- Autunite Ca22·10–12H2O
- Phosphophyllite Zn22·4H2O
- Struvite MgPO4·6H2O
- Xenotime-Y Y
- Apatite group Ca53
- *Hydroxyapatite Ca53OH
- *Fluorapatite Ca53F
- *Chlorapatite Ca53Cl
- *Bromapatite
- Mitridatite group:
- *Arseniosiderite-mitridatite series 3·3H2O -- Ca23·3H2O -- Ca34
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme. This [list">Nickel–Strunz classification -08- phosphates
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme. This [list uses it to modify the classification of Nickel–Strunz.- Abbreviations:
- *"*" – discredited.
- *"?" – questionable/doubtful.
- *"REE" – Rare-earth element
- *"PGE" – Platinum-group element
- *03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates, 09 Silicates:
- **Neso: insular
- **Soro: grouping
- **Cyclo: ring
- **Ino: chain
- **Phyllo: sheet
- **Tekto: three-dimensional framework
- Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
- *NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
- *X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
- *Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
- *
## x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
Class: phosphates
- 08.A Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
- * 08.AA With small cations : 05 Berlinite, 05 Rodolicoite; 10 Beryllonite, 15 Hurlbutite, 20 Lithiophosphate, 25 Nalipoite, 30 Olympite
- * 08.AB With medium-sized cations: 05 Farringtonite; 10 Ferrisicklerite, 10 Heterosite, 10 Natrophilite, 10 Lithiophilite, 10 Purpurite, 10 Sicklerite, 10 Simferite, 10 Triphylite; 15 Chopinite, 15 Sarcopside; 20 Beusite, 20 Graftonite
- * 08.AC With medium-sized and large cations: 10 IMA2008-054, 10 Alluaudite, 10 Hagendorfite, 10 Ferroalluaudite, 10 Maghagendorfite, 10 Varulite, 10 Ferrohagendorfite*; 15 Bobfergusonite, 15 Ferrowyllieite, 15 Qingheiite, 15 Rosemaryite, 15 Wyllieite, 15 Ferrorosemaryite; 20 Maricite, 30 Brianite, 35 Vitusite-(Ce); 40 Olgite?, 40 Bario-olgite; 45 Ferromerrillite, 45 Bobdownsite, 45 Merrillite-*, 45 Merrillite, 45 Merrillite-*, 45 Whitlockite, 45 Tuite, 45 Strontiowhitlockite; 50 Stornesite-(Y), 50 Xenophyllite, 50 Fillowite, 50 Chladniite, 50 Johnsomervilleite, 50 Galileiite; 55 Harrisonite, 60 Kosnarite, 65 Panethite, 70 Stanfieldite, 90 IMA2008-064
- * 08.AD With only large cations: 05 Nahpoite, 10 Monetite, 15 Archerite, 15 Biphosphammite; 20 Phosphammite, 25 Buchwaldite; 35 Pretulite, 35 Xenotime-, 35 Xenotime-; 45 Ximengite, 50 Monazite-, 50 Monazite-, 50 Monazite-, 50 Monazite-, 50 Brabantite?
- 08.B Phosphates, etc. with Additional Anions, without H2O
- * 08.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 05 Vayrynenite; 10 Hydroxylherderite, 10 Herderite; 15 Babefphite
- * 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, :RO4 £1:1: 05 Amblygonite, 05 Natromontebrasite?, 05 Montebrasite?, 05 Tavorite; 10 Zwieselite, 10 Triplite, 10 Magniotriplite?, 10 Hydroxylwagnerite; 15 Joosteite, 15 Stanekite, 15 Triploidite, 15 Wolfeite, 15 Wagnerite; 20 Satterlyite, 20 Holtedahlite; 25 Althausite; 30 Libethenite, 30 Zincolibethenite; 35 Tarbuttite; 40 Barbosalite, 40 Hentschelite, 40 Scorzalite, 40 Lazulite; 45 Trolleite, 55 Phosphoellenbergerite; 90 Zinclipscombite, 90 Lipscombite, 90 Richellite
- * 08.BC With only medium-sized cations, :RO4 > 1:1 and < 2:1: 10 Plimerite, 10 Frondelite, 10 Rockbridgeite
- * 08.BD With only medium-sized cations, :RO4 = 2:1: 05 Pseudomalachite, 05 Reichenbachite, 10 Gatehouseite, 25 Ludjibaite
- * 08.BE With only medium-sized cations, :RO4 > 2:1: 05 Augelite, 10 Grattarolaite, 15 Cornetite, 30 Raadeite, 85 Waterhouseite
- * 08.BF With medium-sized and large cations, :RO4 < 0.5:1: 05 Arrojadite, 05 Arrojadite-, 05 Arrojadite-, 05 Arrojadite-, 05 Arrojadite-, 05 Arrojadite-, 05 Arrojadite-, 05 Arrojadite-, 05 Fluorarrojadite-, 05 Fluorarrojadite-, 05 Fluorarrojadite-, 05 Ferri-arrojadite-, 05 Dickinsonite, 05 Dickinsonite-, 05 Dickinsonite-, 05 Dickinsonite-, 05 Dickinsonite-; 10 Samuelsonite, 15 Griphite, 20 Nabiasite
- * 08.BG With medium-sized and large cations, :RO4 = 0.5:1: 05 Bearthite, 05 Goedkenite, 05 Tsumebite; 10 Melonjosephite, 15 Tancoite
- * 08.BH With medium-sized and large cations, :RO4 = 1:1: 05 Thadeuite; 10 Lacroixite, 10 Isokite, 10 Panasqueiraite; 15 Drugmanite; 20 Bjarebyite, 20 Kulanite, 20 Penikisite, 20 Perloffite, 20 Johntomaite; 25 Bertossaite, 25 Palermoite; 55 Jagowerite, 60 Attakolite
- * 08.BK With medium-sized and large cations, : 05 Brazilianite, 15 Curetonite, 25 Lulzacite
- * 08.BL With medium-sized and large cations, :RO4 = 3:1: 05 Corkite, 05 Hinsdalite, 05 Orpheite, 05 Woodhouseite, 05 Svanbergite; 10 Kintoreite, 10 Benauite, 10 Crandallite, 10 Goyazite, 10 Springcreekite, 10 Gorceixite; 10 Lusungite?, 10 Plumbogummite, 10 Ferrazite?; 13 Eylettersite, 13 Florencite-, 13 Florencite-, 13 Florencite-, 13 Waylandite, 13 Zairite; 15 Viitaniemiite, 20 Kuksite, 25 Pattersonite
- * 08.BM With medium-sized and large cations, :RO4 = 4:1: 10 Paulkellerite, 15 Brendelite
- * 08.BN With only large cations, :RO4 = 0.33:1: 05 IMA2008-068, 05 Phosphohedyphane, 05 IMA2008-009, 05 Alforsite, 05 Apatite*, 05 Apatite-, 05 Apatite-, 05 Apatite-, 05 Apatite-, 05 Apatite--M, Carbonate-fluorapatite?, 05 Carbonate-hydroxylapatite?, 05 Belovite-, 05 Belovite-, 05 Fluorcaphite, 05 Pyromorphite, 05 Hydroxylpyromorphite, 05 Deloneite-(Ce), 05 Kuannersuite-(Ce), 10 Arctite
- * 08.BO With only large cations, :RO4 1:1: 05 Nacaphite, 10 Petitjeanite, 15 Smrkovecite, 25 Heneuite, 30 Nefedovite, 40 Artsmithite
- 08.C Phosphates without Additional Anions, with H2O
- * 08.CA With small and large/medium cations: 05 Fransoletite, 05 Parafransoletite; 10 Ehrleite, 15 Faheyite; 20 Gainesite, 20 Mccrillisite, 20 Selwynite; 25 Pahasapaite, 30 Hopeite, 40 Phosphophyllite; 45 Parascholzite, 45 Scholzite; 65 Gengenbachite, 70 Parahopeite
- * 08.CB With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1: 05 Serrabrancaite, 10 Hureaulite
- * 08.CC With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1.5: 05 Garyansellite, 05 Kryzhanovskite, 05 Landesite, 05 Phosphoferrite, 05 Reddingite
- * 08.CD With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:2: 05 Kolbeckite, 05 Metavariscite, 05 Phosphosiderite; 10 Strengite, 10 Variscite; 20 Ludlamite
- * 08.CE With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O £1:2.5: 10 Newberyite, 20 Phosphorrosslerite; 25 Metaswitzerite, 25 Switzerite; 35 Bobierrite; 40 Arupite, 40 Baricite, 40 Vivianite, 40 Pakhomovskyite; 50 Cattiite, 55 Koninckite; 75 IMA2008-046, 75 Malhmoodite; 80 Santabarbaraite, 85 Metavivianite
- * 08.CF With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O > 1:1: 05 Tassieite, 05 Wicksite, 05 Bederite; 10 Haigerachite
- * 08.CG With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1: 05 Collinsite, 05 Cassidyite, 05 Fairfieldite, 05 Messelite, 05 Hillite, ; 20 Phosphogartrellite
- * 08.CH With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O < 1:1: 10 Anapaite, 20 Dittmarite, 20 Niahite, 25 Francoanellite, 25 Taranakite, 30 Schertelite, 35 Hannayite, 40 Hazenite, 40 Struvite, 40 Struvite-, 45 Rimkorolgite, 50 Bakhchisaraitsevite, 55 IMA2008-048
- * 08.CJ With only large cations: 05 Stercorite, 10 Mundrabillaite, 10 Swaknoite, 15 Nastrophite, 15 Nabaphite, 45 Brockite, 45 Grayite, 45 Rhabdophane-, 45 Rhabdophane-, 45 Rhabdophane-, 45 Tristramite, 50 Brushite, 50 Churchite-*, 50 Churchite-, 50 Churchite-, 50 Ardealite, 60 Dorfmanite, 70 Catalanoite, 80 Ningyoite
- 08.D Phosphates
- * 08.DA With small cations: 05 Moraesite, 10 Footemineite, 10 Ruifrancoite, 10 Guimaraesite, 10 Roscherite, 10 Zanazziite, 10 Atencioite, 10 Greifensteinite; 15 Uralolite, 20 Weinebeneite, 25 Tiptopite, 30 Veszelyite, 35 Kipushite, 40 Spencerite, 45 Glucine
- * 08.DB With only medium-sized cations, :RO4 < 1:1: 05 Diadochite, 10 Vashegyite, 15 Schoonerite, 20 Sinkankasite, 25 Mitryaevaite, 30 Sanjuanite, 50 Giniite, 55 Sasaite, 60 Mcauslanite, 65 Goldquarryite, 70 Birchite
- * 08.DC With only medium-sized cations, :RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1: 05 Nissonite; 15 Kunatite, 15 Earlshannonite, 15 Whitmoreite; 17 Kleemanite, 20 Bermanite, 207? Oxiberaunite*, 22 Kovdorskite; 25 Ferrostrunzite, 25 Ferristrunzite, 25 Metavauxite, 25 Strunzite; 27 Beraunite; 30 Gordonite, 30 Laueite, 30 Sigloite, 30 Paravauxite, 30 Ushkovite, 30 Ferrolaueite, 30 Mangangordonite, 30 Pseudolaueite, 30 Stewartite, 30 Kastningite, 35 Vauxite, 37 Vantasselite, 40 Cacoxenite; 45 Gormanite, 45 Souzalite; 47 Kingite; 50 Wavellite, 50 Allanpringite, 52 Kribergite, 60 Nevadaite
- * 08.DD With only medium-sized cations, :RO4 = 2:1: 15 Aheylite, 15 Chalcosiderite, 15 Faustite, 15 Planerite, 15 Turquoise; 20 Ernstite, 20 Childrenite, 20 Eosphorite
- * 08.DE With only medium-sized cations, :RO4 = 3:1: 05 Senegalite, 10 Fluellite, 20 Zapatalite,, 35 Aldermanite
- * 08.DF With only medium-sized cations, :RO4 > 3:1: 05 Hotsonite-VII, 05 Hotsonite-VI; 10 Bolivarite, 10 Evansite, 10 Rosieresite, 25 Sieleckiite, 40 Gladiusite
- * 08.DG With large and medium-sized cations, :RO4 < 0.5:1: 05 Sampleite
- * 08.DH With large and medium-sized cations, :RO4 < 1:1: 05 Minyulite; 10 Leucophosphite, 10 Spheniscidite, 10 Tinsleyite; 15 Kaluginite*, 15 Keckite, 15 Jahnsite-, 15 Jahnsite-, 15 Jahnsite-, 15 Jahnsite-*, 15 Jahnsite-, 15 Jahnsite-, 15 Jahnsite-, 15 Jahnsite-, 15 Rittmannite, 15 Whiteite-, 15 Whiteite-, 15 Whiteite-; 20 Manganosegelerite, 20 Overite, 20 Segelerite, 20 Wilhelmvierlingite, 20 Juonniite; 25 Calcioferrite, 25 Kingsmountite, 25 Montgomeryite, 25 Zodacite; 30 Lunokite, 30 Pararobertsite, 30 Robertsite, 30 Mitridatite; 35 Matveevite?, 35 Mantienneite, 35 Paulkerrite, 35 Benyacarite, 40 Xanthoxenite, 55 Englishite
- * 08.DJ With large and medium-sized cations, :RO4 = 1:l: 05 Johnwalkite, 05 Olmsteadite, 10 Gatumbaite, 20 Meurigite-Na, 20 Meurigite-K, 20 Phosphofibrite, 25 Jungite, 30 Wycheproofite, 35 Ercitite, 40 Mrazekite
- * 08.DK With large and medium-sized cations, :RO4 > 1:1 and < 2:1: 15 Matioliite, 15 IMA2008-056, 15 Dufrenite, 15 Burangaite, 15 Natrodufrenite; 20 Kidwellite, 25 Bleasdaleite, 30 Matulaite, 35 Krasnovite
- * 08.DL With large and medium-sized cations, :RO4 = 2:1: 05 Foggite; 10 Cyrilovite, 10 Millisite, 10 Wardite; 15 Petersite-(Y), 15 Calciopetersite; 25 Angastonite
- * 08.DM With large and medium-sized cations, :RO4 > 2:1: 05 Morinite, 15 Melkovite, 25 Gutsevichite?, 35 Delvauxite
- * 08.DN With only large cations: 05 Natrophosphate, 10 Isoclasite, 15 Lermontovite, 20 Vyacheslavite
- * 08.DO With CO3, SO4, SiO4: 05 Girvasite, 10 Voggite, 15 Peisleyite, 20 Perhamite, 25 Saryarkite-(Y), 30 Micheelsenite, 40 Parwanite, 45 Skorpionite
- 08.E Uranyl Phosphates
- * 08.EA UO2:RO4 = 1:2: 05 Phosphowalpurgite, 10 Parsonsite, 15 Ulrichite, 20 Lakebogaite
- * 08.EB UO2:RO4 = 1:1: 05 Autunite, 05 Uranocircite, 05 Torbernite, 05 Xiangjiangite, 05 Saleeite; 10 Bassetite, 10 Meta-autunite, 10 Metauranocircite, 10 Metatorbernite, 10 Lehnerite, 10 Przhevalskite; 15 Chernikovite, 15 Meta-ankoleite, 15 Uramphite; 20 Threadgoldite, 25 Uranospathite, 30 Vochtenite, 35 Coconinoite, 40 Ranunculite, 45 Triangulite, 50 Furongite, 55 Sabugalite
- * 08.EC UO2:RO4 = 3:2: 05 Francoisite-, 05 Francoisite-, 05 Phuralumite, 05 Upalite; 10 Kivuite?, 10 Yingjiangite, 10 Renardite, 10 Dewindtite, 10 Phosphuranylite; 15 Dumontite; 20 Metavanmeersscheite, 20 Vanmeersscheite; 25 Althupite, 30 Mundite, 35 Phurcalite, 40 Bergenite
- * 08.ED Unclassified: 05 Moreauite, 10 Sreinite, 15 Kamitugaite
- 08.F Polyphosphates
- * 08.FA Polyphosphates, without OH and H2O; dimers of corner-sharing RO4 tetrahedra: 20 Pyrocoproite*, 20 Pyrophosphite*
- * 08.FC Polyphosphates, with H2O only: 10 Canaphite, 20 Arnhemite*, 25 Wooldridgeite, 30 Kanonerovite
- 08.X Unclassified Strunz Phosphates
- * 08.XX Unknown: 00 Sodium-autunite, 00 Pseudo-autunite*, 00 Cheralite-?, 00 Laubmannite?, 00 Spodiosite?, 00 Sodium meta-autunite, 00 Kerstenite?, 00 Lewisite, 00 Coeruleolactite, 00 Viseite, 00 IMA2009-005