Philip C. Pendleton
Philip Clayton Pendleton was a Virginia attorney, planter, politician and jurist. He briefly served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia. He previously served in the Virginia House of Delegates and as a Virginia state judge.
Education and career
Born on November 24, 1779, in Berkeley County, Virginia, Pendleton attended Dickinson College and the College of New Jersey, then read law. Pendleton was admitted to the Virginia bar around 1800, and had a private practice in what became the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia at various times when he was not a judge. He also farmed using enslaved labor. In the 1820 United States census, he owned 3 slaves, which number grew to 23 slaves in the 1840 United States census. In the 1860 United States census, Pendleton owned 16 slaves in Berkeley County, Virginia. His firstborn son, also Philip C. Pendleton farmed across the Potomac River in Oakland, Allegheny County, Maryland before the Civil War with the assistance of 13 enslaved people, then possibly served as a Union major and paymaster during the war.Meanwhile, Berkeley County voters elected Pendleton as one of their representatives in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1805 and re-elected him the following year. Although he was not one of the two top vote-getters in 1807, one of the two men elected died before the session began and Pendleton succeeded him, then was replaced by George Porterfield for one term, before he and Magnus Tate served together for a term, then Porterfield again replaced Pendleton. Reportedly, his tenure in the Virginia General Assembly led to Pendleton's later aversion to further political involvement. The Virginia General Assembly elected Pendleton as a member of the Board of Commissioners who met at the tavern at Rockfish Gap in 1818 and decided to locate the University of Virginia at Charlottesville. The group also included Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Marshall and among others, John G. Jackson, another future judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia..
Military service
Pendleton served in the War of 1812, enlisting as a private in the militia company raised by fellow lawyer and planter Elisha Boyd in Martinsburg, Virginia. He became the unit's paymaster. Their troop of Berkeley County militia defended Norfolk and Portsmouth Virginia against a British naval and land attack. Another Berkeley County militia troop would be the first to reach Washington, D.C. after the British burned the new nation's capitol.Federal judicial service
Pendleton received a recess appointment from President John Quincy Adams on May 6, 1825, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia vacated by Judge John G. Jackson. His service terminated on July 29, 1825, due to his resignation. His resignation was due to his unwillingness to undertake the rigors of constantly riding between courthouses in his district. Due to the briefness of his tenure, his nomination was never submitted to the United States Senate.Later career
In 1829, voters from Berkeley County as well as from nearby Hampshire, Hardy and Morgan Counties voters elected Pendleton one of their representatives to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830.The Virginia General Assembly elected Pendleton as a judge for the County Court for Berkeley County, and he served for many years as chief judge of that court until his death. On June 2, 1842, Pendleton and fellow politicians Magnus Tate, C.J. Faulkner, Edmund P. Hunter and D.H. Conrad extended hospitality in Martinsburg to members of Baltimore's City Council who traveled to Hancock, Maryland through Harpers Ferry on the newly completed B&O Railroad line. A "first class" railway station was completed for Martinsburg 1849 and the city became the terminus of a turnpike from Winchester in 1954 and the Cumberland Valley Railroad in 1856.