Permocupedidae
Permocupedidae is an extinct family of protocoleopteran stem group beetles. They first appeared during the Early Permian, and were one of the dominant groups of beetles during the Middle Permian. They became rare in the Late Permian, with only one species known from the Triassic, Frankencupes ultimus from the Middle Triassic Röt Formation of Germany. They are thought to have been xylophagous, which is presumed to be the ancestral ecology of beetles.
Taxonomy
Kirejtshuk included the following genera in an expanded family, with the traditional Permocupedidae and related Taldycupedidae as subfamilies Permocupedinae and Taldycupedinae respectively. However, other studies have recovered Talycupedidae as more closely related to crown-group beetles than to Permocupedidae.- Afrocupes – South Africa: Western Cape, Whitehill Formation, Permian, Cisuralian, Sakmarian/Artinskian, −290.1–279.5 Ma.
- *Afrocupes firmae
- Archicupes – Russia, Kemerovo Region, Mitina Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma
- *Archicupes jacobsoni
- *"Archicupes" reichardti – considered indeterminate to genus by Kirejtshuk
- Cytocupoides – Russia: Kemerovo Region, Mitina Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma.
- *Cytocupoides longatus
- Cytocupes – Russia: Kemerovo Region, Mitina Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma.
- *Cytocupes angustus
- Eocupes – Russia: Kemerovo Region, Mitina Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian.
- *Eocupes cellulosus
- *Eocupes lukjanovitshi
- Frankencupes – Germany: Gambach am Main, Röt Formation, Middle Triassic, Olenekian/Anisian, −247.2–242.0 Ma.
- *Frankencupes ultimus
- Ichthyocupes – Russia: Kemerovo Region, Mitina Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma; Kemerovo Region, Gramoteinskaya Formation, Permian, Lopingian, Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian, −259.0–252.3 Ma.
- *Ichthyocupes kuznetskiensis – Mitina Formation
- *Ichthyocupes skoki – Gramoteinskaya Formation
- *Ichthyocupes tyzhnovi – Mitina Formation
- Kaltanocoleus – Russia: Kemerovo Region, Mitina Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma.
- *Kaltanocoleus pospelovi
- Kaltanicupes – Russia: Kirov Region, Belebeevo Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma; Orenburg Region, Amanak Formation, Permian, Guadalupian/Lopingian, Capitanian/Wuchiapingian, −265.0–259.0 Ma; Kemerovo Region, Mitina Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma. One undescribed species of this genus was recorded from Indian Barakar Formation of the Lower Permian.
- *Kaltanicupes acutus – Belebeevo Formation
- *Kaltanicupes kargalensis – Amanak Formation
- *Kaltanicupes kitjakensis – Belebeevo Formation
- *Kaltanicupes richteri – Mitina Formation
- Linicupes – China: Anhui, Permian, Guadalupian/Lopingian, Capitanian/Wuchiapingian, −265.0–259.0 Ma.
- *Linicupes yinpinensis
- Maricoleus – Russia, Primorsky Krai, Lower Permian, Cisuralian, Artinskian/Kungurian, −279.5–272.5 Ma.
- *Maricoleus valentinae
- Permocupes – Russia: Arkhangel'sk Region, Iva-Gora [Beds Formation], Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma; Udmurtia, Permian, Guadalupian, Wordian, −268.0–265.0 Ma: Tatarstan, Baitugan Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma.
- *Permocupes distinctus – Baitugan Formation
- *Permocupes grandis – Iva-Gora Beds Formation
- *Permocupes latus – Chepanikha, Rossokha River Valley
- *Permocupes semenovi – Baitugan Formation
- *Permocupes sojanensis – Iva-Gora Beds Formation
- Pintolla – Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Irati Formation, Permian, Cisuralian, Artinskian/Kungurian, −279.5–272.5 Ma.
- *Pintolla ponomarenkoi
- Protocupoides – Russia: Vologda Region, Poldarsa Formation, Permian, Lopingian, Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian, −259.0–254.0 Ma; Udmurtia, Permian, Guadalupian, Wordian, −268.0–265.0 Ma; Kemerovo Region, Gramoteinskaya Formation, Permian, Lopingian, Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian, −259.0–252.3 Ma; Kemerovo Region, Mitina Formation, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma.
- *Protocupoides acer – Gramoteinskaya Formation
- *Protocupoides carinatus – Gramoteinskaya Formation
- *Protocupoides elongatus – Chepanikha, Rossokha River Valley
- *Protocupoides esini – Poldarsa Formation
- *Protocupoides plavilstshikovi – Mitina Formation
- *Protocupoides sharovi – Mitina Formation
- *"Protocupoides" rohdendorfi – Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Irati Formation, Permian, Kungurian, −279.5–272.5 Ma; considered indeterminate to genus by Kirejtshuk
- Tatarocupes – Russia: Orenburg Region, Permian, Guadalupian/Lopingian, Capitanian/Wuchiapingian, −265.0–259.0 Ma.
- *Tatarocupes granulatus
- Uralocupes – Russia: Belebeevo Formation Kirov Region, Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian, −272.5–268.0 Ma.
- *''Uralocupes major''